Joseph Chalmers, O.Carm.

We are the brothers of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mount Carmel. Our Order began because the Latin hermits on Mount Carmel wanted to form themselves into a community of brothers. They had been together long enough to work out for themselves a proposal for a way of life which they took to St. Albert, Patriarch of Jerusalem, so that he could give them ecclesiastical approval. When Albert's "formula vitae" was formally approved as a Rule by Pope Innocent IV in 1247, the hermits were inscribed in the new mendicant movement which was sweeping Europe at the time. The Carmelite hermits became Carmelite friars called to the service of the people. One of the hallmarks of the mendicants was that they lived in the midst of the people and not in large monasteries like the monks.

Despite the fact that the Order is clearly called to the active apostolate, contemplation remains a fundamental element of our vocation. We understand ourselves to be contemplative communities at the service of God's people in whose midst we live. Thank God we have passed beyond those years when we were still searching for our identity. Our identity is now clear. What remains for us is to tease out the implications of our charism for our daily life.

We are to live a life of allegiance to Jesus Christ and to serve him faithfully with a pure heart and a clear conscience and we do this through a commitment to seek the face of the living God (the contemplative dimension of life), through fraternity, and through service (diakonia) in the midst of the people. (Constitution, 14). These three elements are closely interwoven being bound together by the experience of the desert which is the experience of the purifying action of God in our lives. Contemplation determines the quality of our fraternal life and of our service in the midst of the people of God (Constitution, 18). The goal of contemplation is to be transformed in God and thus see reality with the eyes of God and love with the heart of God (Cf. Constitution, 15).

A contemplative attitude allows us to discover the presence of God in others and to appreciate the mystery of those with whom we share our lives (Constitution, 19). We are called to community, to share our lives with others but above all with our brothers and this in itself is a witness to others that God is present in our midst and through this witness God will touch the hearts of many.

We could speak very beautifully about the theory of community and its theological meaning but we all know that the reality of religious community is very different. Our communities mirror the reality of the Church and of the world in which we live. We are redeemed sinners who are striving to do the will of God. We are not perfect as individuals and therefore we cannot have perfect communities yet.

There is a thirst for community in our world and yet at the same time individualism is rampant. This tension is present in our own lives since we cannot but be affected by the world in which we live. We are drawn to community on the one hand but on the other we are tempted to put our own needs and desires above everything else and to judge everything by how it affects us. Community is not easy and though we are committed to living community, it is crucial to recognise the tendency which exists in all of us to escape its demands and to close in on ourselves in selfishness. This is the reality of sin in our lives but we have been redeemed. Clearly the redemption won for us by Christ has not made saints of us yet; we are hopefully on the way. Christ offers us a way to grow beyond our limitations but we must accept the healing which he offers. The first stage of healing is to recognise that something is not quite right.

What is it like to live in our Carmelite communities? "The community of believers were of one heart and one mind. None of them ever claimed anything as his own; rather everything was held in common." (Acts. 4,32). If that is your experience of community life, you are truly blessed but I would guess that this is not your experience. I would guess that at best it is reasonably pleasant and that in your community you have come to a mutual acceptance of one another. At worst ..it can be very difficult and a reality from which we seek to escape at every opportunity. Why is our community not perfect? We can blame the Provincial and Council for putting us in this dreadful situation or for dumping Brother X on the community or we can blame our brothers with whom it is impossible to form true community despite our desire to do so. We could try blaming God of course but if we find ourselves blaming everyone but ourselves perhaps this should ring a warning bell for us. Could it be possible that others find us difficult to live with and in their hearts are blaming us for the lack of real community?

We have been called together from many different backgrounds. We come into community with our own particular experience of life which has marked us for good or for ill. We approach community with our own baggage and our often very different expectations. We may use the same word, "community", but we may mean very different things. I believe that the first step towards improving our community life is to accept that we are different and that we may be looking for different things. We need to accept one another in all our diversity and try to see in this human reality something of the richness of God. Each individual truly is a mystery. We need to accept the fact that some individuals are so badly damaged by the ups and downs of life that they are almost completely dysfunctional. Where their behaviour is damaging to the community life, they must be challenged and every help given to them to live a more balanced life. I appreciate that this is no easy task but failure to challenge inappropriate behaviour leads to the dysfunctional individual dominating the life of the community. Such people are in a minority but all of us need to be challenged from time to time to be faithful to the vocation to which we have been called. This challenge can come to us very often through the daily living with others. We preach the Gospel but the test of our words is in our deeds. It is very easy to love our neighbour if we do not have a neighbour. How we actually live in community will tell us whether we really are men of prayer and will tell others. The authenticity of our prayer will become obvious through our daily contact with our brothers.

Although living the reality of community is not easy, it is the way which God has chosen for us. If vocation is not something imposed on us from the outside but part of our inner reality which we discover little by little, then the yearning for community and the ability to live it is written into the very fabric of our being. Of course because of our fallen nature, we have things out of balance but the elements of community life can help us to grow if we are willing to follow Christ into the desert.

There is no gain without pain. Growing up is painful but the pain forms us into mature men. There is a serious danger in religious life of remaining immature all our lives. We receive what we need from the community whether we work for it or not. If we are awkward enough, we will be given anything we want just to keep us happy and so that the others can have some peace. Then we are just like spoiled children. Following Christ leads inevitably to the cross in some form or another. This is not a punishment but God's way of helping us become what He knows we can be. Through our experience of life, God will purify us, rubbing away our rough corners. We will probably not appreciate it at the time but the end result makes it very worthwhile. Some of this purifying will take place in and through our life in community. Are we willing to consent to the action of God in our lives or will we turn away and instead do what we want? This is the difference between working for God and doing God's work. Working for God means to do what we want and we assume that it also must be what God wants. Doing God's work can be very different - doing what God is really asking of us which involves us in careful discernment and silent listening for the still small voice of God who speaks to us through the most unexpected people.

The Constitutions point out those elements of our life which are designed to help us grow as individuals and as brothers (31). The first is "in the shared participation in the Eucharist, through which we become one body, and which is the source and the summit of our lives, and therefore the sacrament of brotherhood." Do we have a shared Eucharist in our communities? This is written into our Rule and was a very unusual precept for hermits. I am not proposing a shared Eucharist because it is part of our law but because it is the greatest help we have to build up our communities. I am well aware that there can be all sorts of reasons why community Eucharist is not convenient but where there is a will, there is a way. Sometimes the demands of the apostolate can be used as an excuse to escape other demands. In this case we need to look at our lives with great honesty. What am I seeking? What do I want to do with my life and what does God want of me? How does my lifestyle fit in with my vocation to be a Carmelite?

The second element mentioned in the Constitutions is similar to the first, that is the communal celebration of the Liturgy of the Hours. Perhaps some of us are still suffering from the experience of the past where in some cases the community said lots of prayers together but the individual members could not stand one another. Prayer can be used to boost our own ego instead of being an opening to the purifying and healing action of God but that danger is not a reason to give up prayer either as individuals or as communities. St. Teresa of Avila said that with regard to prayer we need to have a very determined determination to keep going and never give up. If we want to praise God together as brothers, the Church has given us a precious opportunity to do so by means of the Liturgy of the Hours whereby we join with the whole Church to offer to God the sacrifice of praise. It is of course possible to enliven our liturgical celebrations so that they do not became routine.

The next element mentioned in the Constitutions for the building up of our community life is the prayerful listening to the Word. This of course is part of the celebration of the Eucharist and of the Liturgy of the Hours but is also recommended by means of Lectio Divina where together we read and reflect on the Word of God and share our response to this Word in our own words and in silence where we allow the Word to shape our hearts and to bind us together in unity. We cannot have prayerful communities if we are not prayerful individuals. Each one of us is responsible for the health of the community. Being prayerful does not necessarily mean saying many prayers but allowing our prayer to change us and how we relate to others.

The Constitutions recognise that we need to discuss common concerns and so the community meeting is an important element in community life. If we do not discuss things which concern us, they will become problems which can destroy the harmony of any community. The community meeting needs to look at business but also at the spiritual aspects of community life. There are certain basic skills needed to organise and run a successful community meeting. If you know that you do not have them, or suspect this to be the case, try asking one of the other brothers to chair meetings or perhaps the chairing could be shared.

We are also encouraged to share the common table and recreation together. If we never spend time together, we will never grow in unity. If we do spend time together, there is a risk of conflict of course but if good will exists and a willingness to dialogue, then these problems can be overcome and be in fact a bond of unity between us. Each of us must examine our own conscience. Am I truly willing to dialogue with my brothers? Am I always right and the others always wrong? Could some of their criticisms have an element of truth? If so what will I do about it?

Finally we are encouraged to work together and to share our joys, our anxieties and friendships. It is important to celebrate together the ordinary human things like birthdays or anniversaries etc. It is also important to be there for one another when we are in trouble. Always safeguarding the community's right to some privacy, it is very helpful to be able to share our own personal friends with the community.

Religious community is a human reality and therefore is flawed but it is the ambient in which we have been called to respond to God's gratuitous love for us. It is the privileged place where we can grow as human beings, as Christians and as religious. Let us accept one another with all our faults, strive to love one another as Christ has loved us and value one another as brothers and co-heirs of God's Kingdom. Of course we will fail from time to time to live up to our high ideals but that is no reason to let go of these ideals and settle for an unhappy mediocrity. Christ has promised to be with us and we can depend on that promise. If we allow him, he will love our brothers through us. If our experience of community has not been good, why not try to follow the principle of our brother, St. John of the Cross who said, "Where there is no love, put love and you will find love." If there is love within a community, all obstacles can be overcome. Life will not be perfect but we will know that we are accepted for who we are which will give us the confidence to go out to others and share that love with them. Our community lives will bear witness to the truth of the Gospel that Christ has broken down the barriers which separated people from one another and that his love can heal.

If we are willing to take the risk of loving our brothers, we will fulfil the article of our Constitutions which says, "Fraternal life modelled on the Jerusalem community is an incarnation of God's gratuitous love, internalised through an ongoing process by which we empty ourselves of all egocentricity - which can affect groups as much as individuals - as we move towards authentic centering in God. In this way we express the charismatic and prophetic nature of the consecrated Carmelite life, weaving harmoniously into it the personal charisms of each member, in the service of the Church and the world." (30).

Joseph Chalmers, O.Carm.

During my visits to the Carmelite Family throughout the world, I have come across many different customs and ways of understanding what it means to be a Carmelite but everywhere I have found the same Carmelite values. These values are well expressed in the Constitutions of the friars:

"To live a life of allegiance to Jesus Christ
and to serve him faithfully
with a pure heart
and a clear conscience":
these words, inspired by St. Paul,
are the basis for all the elements of our charism;
they are the foundation upon which Albert constructed our way of life.
……………………………………………
Carmelites live their life of allegiance to Christ
through a commitment to seek the face of the living God
(the contemplative dimension of life),
through fraternity,
and through service
in the midst of the people. (14)

There are many things to be pleased about as we look around the Order. Of course problems exist everywhere but on the whole and within our particular limitations we are dedicated to the "obsequium Jesu Christi". There has been in recent years an upsurge of interest in spirituality, especially our own Carmelite tradition. Much work and study has gone in to our history and many of the publications which have come from the Carmelite Institute in Rome and other institutes will be invaluable sources for further study. The Order has taken seriously Fr. Kilian Healy's plea for further study on the Rule and now we have several excellent books which have given us new ways of looking at this ancient document which has been rediscovered as a primary source of inspiration for all Carmelites. There has also been some solid research on our saints and mystics. Much more needs to be done but what has been accomplished so far is notable. The General Council wants to encourage higher studies and following the decision of the General Chapter 1995, we have appointed a Delegate for Culture.

The General Council wants to specially promote the study of mariology among us so we can deepen this very important aspect of our charism. There is a particular interest in the Order at present in biblical studies and that is wonderful to see because as was expressed in the final document of the General Chapter 1995, "To be zealous for the Word of God, to pray it, live it and proclaim it, is the priority for the Order for the next six years." (4.4)

As an integral part of this renewed interest in our spirituality has been a refounding of the ancient practice of Lectio Divina. In many communities throughout the world it is normal practice to have a time when all the members gather to read the Word of God together, meditate on it, respond to the Word in prayer and share a silent resting in this Word together. This practice cannot but help communities be united and even more apostolically fruitful. I want to strongly encourage this practice. Perhaps we need to remind ourselves however that Lectio is not simply talking about Scripture but soaking ourselves in the Word so that we become little by little transformed by this Word who is Christ.

We have taken risks and planted Carmel in other lands. We are well established in Brazil of course but also other parts of Latin America are showing signs of growth. We hope to make a foundation in Trinidad in the near future. In Africa we are also well established in Zimbabwe and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We have recently established ourselves in Mozambique and we hope to make a foundations also in Kenya, Tanzania and Burkina Faso.

Asia is where the greatest growth has taken place in recent years. Indonesia especially is witnessing a time when many vocations are presenting themselves. India also is growing rapidly and is now beginning to look outside Kerala for apostolic possibilities. The Philippines hopes to be an independent Province by the year 2000.

In Eastern Europe there is a certain the growth taking place. We have celebrated 650 years of Carmelite presence in the Czech lands and 600 years in Poland. We have received a good number of vocations from Rumania and these are being nurtured by the Italian Province which hopes to make a foundation there as soon as circumstances permit. The plan is for various branches of the Carmelite Family to make foundations in the same area and to bear witness together to our fundamental Carmelite values. The Polish Province has a community in the Ukraine and perhaps one day we will go into Russia also.

The Church is missionary by nature and so must our Order be. The Provinces which have a missionary outreach outside their territory can bear witness to the new life which this can bring to the whole Province. I would urge those Provinces which do not as yet have some missionary outreach to seriously consider this possibility. Of course in many areas there is an acute shortage of vocations which is more or less severe according to the particular country. There are some signs of a possible resurgence of interest in the Religious Life but it does not look as if the vocations will come in the numbers they used to in days gone by. This fact necessitates some serious thought and planning for the future so that Provinces can adapt to changed circumstances. We can complain about the shortage of vocations or we can view this fact as a grace from God and an opportunity for an exercise of "creative fidelity". Creativity can also be exercised in how we approach mission. Perhaps the General Council can help here by co-ordinating a missionary project in the sense of bringing together two of more Provinces which can work together for a single project. I would remind you that God is never outdone in generosity. Perhaps we are like the poor widow of the Gospel who put into the Temple coffers all she had to live on. We will find that if we give, there will be gifts for us, a full measure, pressed down, shaken together shall be poured into our laps.

We have been called by the Church to take our part in the era of new evangelisation. Western Europe and the USA are just as much mission territory as anywhere else since we are living in a post-Christian age. The new evangelisation is new in its ardour, its methods and its expressions. What does this mean for us? We need to recommit ourselves to our Carmelite vocation and to find new ways to express the fundamental values of our life, ways which will communicate effectively to people of the third millennium.

Contemplation is an essential part of our charism. Art. 17 of the Constitutions of the friars tells us that contemplation is an attitude of openness to God whose presence we discover everywhere. Our preaching or teaching or whatever work with which we are involved does not bring Christ to people but hopefully helps them to discover His presence in their lives or be more aware of it. Christ is already present in each situation and individual before we arrive. Above all our daily lives, our presence, should reveal something of God. Can we really discover the presence of God everywhere even in difficulties? This is the faith of Our Lady in the Magnificat who praises God for throwing down the proud, feeding the hungry and sending the rich away empty when most people would see the opposite as true. A contemplative is able to see beyond the externals to the reality beneath. A constant attitude of openness to God is of course not easy because the presence of God calls into question how we live and constantly calls us to conversion which means change and we are not always very keen to change. Daily we need to renew our commitment to Jesus Christ and to urge all our brothers to do the same so that we become a living page of the Gospel for our neighbours to read. In this way we will take our part in the new evangelisation so much desired by the Pope.

There are some wonderful things going on in the Order - things to be proud of. Our Carmelite values are being spread to other lands and most especially among lay people in the established Provinces. We have now some excellent tools to help us continue our work, notably our new Constitutions and the many scholarly works which the Order has produced. However there are some areas in which all of us could improve.

It is the task of the Prior General "to ensure effectively the common good of the whole Order; to work strenuously so that the authentic spirit of Carmel, especially with respect to the life of prayer, may be truly present in every Province, and increase day by day; to promote tirelessly the growth and development of the Order and the apostolic and academic vitality of the religious." (Constit. 275)

Despite the renewed interest in spirituality which finds expression in the new Constitutions, I wonder whether it has really filtered down to the community level and whether it is really expressed in practice. In general during my visits I have found that we are excellent pastors giving wonderful service in our parishes, schools, retreat centres etc. We are most certainly hard workers but at times our work is at the expense of our community and prayer life. According to art. 64 of the Constitutions, prayer is the irremovable centre of our lives and actually makes possible authentic community and a apostolic service. We need to work on all sorts of aspects of our life but I have been underlining the contemplative dimension of our charism wherever I have gone not because I do not see the other elements of our life as extremely important but simply that, in line with the Constitutions, I believe this aspect to be fundamental and indeed to be the source of our fraternal life and apostolic work.

As I visit the Provinces, I find that community prayer ranges from nothing at all to the full Office and daily Eucharist in common. Constitution no. 69 reminds us:

"As in the primitive Church, as religious we are called
to celebrate together the Eucharist and the Liturgy of the Hours.
Liturgical prayer is the highest form
of communal encounter with God,
and brings about what it celebrates.
Personal prayer is intimately linked with liturgical prayer;
one flows from the other."

I am not so much concerned with the amount of Divine Office we say together as with the quality of our prayer. This lies not in our words or even our holy thoughts but in our intention. God reads our hearts and of course it is perfectly possible for the lips to say "yes" and for the heart to say "no". It is not those who say, "Lord, Lord" who will enter the Kingdom of heaven but those who do the will of the Father. According to art. 17 of our Constitutions:

"contemplation is the inner journey of Carmelites,
arising out of the free initiative of God,
who touches and transforms us,
leading us towards unity of love with him,
raising us up so that we may enjoy this gratuitous love
and live in his loving presence.
It is a transforming experience
of the overpowering love of God. This love empties us
of our limited and imperfect human ways of
thinking, loving, and behaving,
transforming them into divine ways."

Is that really our desire? Is it what we really intend or is it just beautiful words? For example do the members of our Provinces and Commissariats go on an annual retreat? (Do we?) If they do, is it for a more intimate encounter with the One whom we know loves us or to get good ideas for future homilies. Remember also the injunction in the Constitutions regarding the need to dedicate an adequate time each day to silent prayer (art. 80). My impression is that many of us are too busy for this practice. While of course it is laudable to serve the Lord in all our many apostolic activities, we need to continually remember who is the source of all apostolic fruitfulness. It is understandable that we often prefer activity to prayer because it tends to be more gratifying but activity without prayer will sooner or later become empty. Liturgical and personal prayer is an absolute essential in order that the salt retain its flavour.

Community life is another difficult issue in Religious Life as a whole. While there is a deep thirst for community in our world, real community is not easy to live. It makes great demands on us but also gives us a great deal in return. There are many ways to live community but whatever way we live it, community should provide an atmosphere in which each member can feel accepted and grow as a human being and as a member of the Order. Fraternity is an essential aspect of our Carmelite vocation. Living this value helps each individual to grow as a human being, a Christian and a Carmelite and also bears witness to our world that real community is possible despite human differences. Community makes demands on us but we receive much in return.

A charism is a gift given by God for the Church and the world. The Carmelite charism has a very rich and long history. We are the inheritors of a great tradition. We are responsible for enriching this tradition by the witness of our own lives and for passing on this charism, which we have received as stewards, to others.

Joseph Chalmers, O.Carm.

The General Chapter 1995 seems a distant memory now but it will continue to affect us for many years to come. The final document from that Chapter contains many of the insights which emerged during the meeting. Also the Constitutions which we approved at the Chapter are the fruit of many years of reflection within the Order as a whole. They describe very well what our vocation is and they encourage us to live it in ever greater depth.

The General Chapter asked the newly elected General Council to produce a global plan for its work over the following six years. This was done and was discussed at the Council of Provinces 1997, held in Lisieux. In this document, the Council declared its wish to continue the work of the previous General Council regarding the Carmelite Family and working with the Discalced Carmelites. There are now several letters written jointly by the two Superiors General to both Orders. We wish to encourage the various ways in which the two Orders are working together in many parts of the world.

In the plan of the General Council we speak of the need for each one of us to pray ardently and work unceasingly so that new vocations will come to us. The best thing we can do is to live our own vocation to the full. We also wish to work for a new missionary spirit in the Order and we have been very pleased with the new foundations which have been made and will be made during the six years since the General Chapter 1995. There are huge areas of the world which wait to hear the Gospel of Christ. Our Carmelite charism has a great deal to offer the world and we are responsible for making it available to others. The Church is missionary by nature and we must be prepared to play our part in this essential work of the Church.

Underpinning all the work of the General Council is a desire to encourage a renewal of the contemplative aspect of our charism. We are the inheritors of a great tradition which stretches back about 800 years. The Carmelite charism is a gift from the Holy Spirit to the Church for the world. We do not own the charism but by our lives we are meant to enhance it, enrich it and pass it on to others.

We have been called to live the Gospel according to the Carmelite way and we are most faithful to the Gospel when we are faithful to our Carmelite tradition. Our Rule is imbued with the Word of God. The two figures who inspire us most of all after Christ Himself are two biblical figures - the prophet Elijah and Mary, the mother of Jesus. So the Word of God is central to our way of life. It is where we find our inspiration. It is the life-giving word of life for us. St. Jerome said that the one who ignores the Scriptures ignores Christ. Lectio Divina has been rediscovered within the Carmelite Family as an efficacious way of prayer, the purpose of which is to lead us into an intimate relationship with God. Lectio cannot be limited to reading the Word of God or thinking about it or discussing its meaning, although all these are important. There is a time when words fail and only silence is an appropriate response to God's Word. It is wonderful when a community reads the Word of God together and discusses the implications of this Word for personal and community growth. It is also important to let go of our own thoughts, ideas and opinions and simply listen to God in a deep silence. Listening to God in silence together is a powerful means of growing in our community relationships.

A religious vocation is also a gift from God to particular individuals. I believe that a true vocation is when an individual discovers gradually the Carmelite within him or her. For this to take place the individual must encounter the Carmelite charism particularly in Carmelites. The charism is one way of following Christ; it is our way. Like other Christians we have been called to follow Christ and bear witness to him by living the Gospel in daily life. The Gospel is of course so rich that no-one or no group could ever exhaust it by any particular way of life. The Gospel has inspired and continues to inspire very many initiatives including the Carmelite way. It seems that a normal life span for a religious congregation is about 200 years. Why some continue for much longer is hard to say but it surely has something to do with the particular charism expressing something essential to the Gospel. Some congregations were founded to do a particular work and when the need for this work diminished so did the need for the congregation. There is of course no particular Carmelite work but we express our Carmelite vocation in various fields of activity. So long as we live the vocation given us by God the Carmelite Family will continue in existence.

As Carmelites we are heirs to a long contemplative tradition which we cannot ignore if we are to be faithful to the vocation given us by God. We cannot leave contemplation to the enclosed communities while we concentrate on ministry which is also an important part of our vocation. Contemplation, community and service in the midst of the people are three vital elements of our charism which cannot be separated. According to our Constitutions, they are united by the experience of the desert.

We are usually committed to ministry and are good at it. We serve the people well in our parishes, schools, retreat centres etc and we can get affirmation from our work. Also we tend to be committed, at least in theory to community. However there comes a time when we meet with difficulties in our ministry and/or in community. Without the contemplative dimension of our charism, we tend to meet these difficulties on a purely human level and react very humanly by fighting back or withdrawing according to our temperament. St. Therese of Lisieux looked at the difficulties of life as opportunities to exercise her vocation to be love. She was able to do this because she was a contemplative. She was not contemplative simply because she lived in an enclosed monastery but because she truly heard the Word of God in the depths of her heart and allowed this Word to transform her life totally. She continued to follow this life project even when she met with all sorts of difficulties because through her silent listening to the Word of God, she was able to see beyond the obvious and see God's hand at work in the midst of the situation in which she found herself.

Contemplation allows us to live community at a deeper level because we will understand that despite the difficulties of living together and all sorts of interpersonal problems, we are all one in Christ. Authentic contemplation also leads to prophetic action as we are able to discern the true needs of people and serve them with a pure heart. The ability to let go of our own thoughts, ideas and opinions and listen to God in the silence of our hearts leads inevitably to listening to people with the heart and not only with our physical ears. We also will be drawn to listening to the poor because through our contemplation we can see beyond externals.

Service and community require a great deal of effort from us. The same is true for the contemplative aspect of our vocation. We will not be contemplatives unless we pray. This takes time and a great deal of effort because listening does not come naturally to us. Prayer is the face to face encounter with the Living God. It is the relationship with God which will lead to union with God if we consent. We have so many ways of avoiding this encounter because it does involve the need to change and we tend not to like that. So we use all of our ingenuity to avoid the need to change. We can be so busy with ministry that we have no time for prayer or we can keep prayer at a very superficial level.

A Dutch artist has made a very beautiful version of the Rule. At the centre of the Rule there is a golden circle with an empty centre. This empty centre is meant to signify the human yearning for God. There is an empty space in our lives that can only be filled by God because the space is infinite. We usually try all sorts of ways to fill this space, ways which cannot ever satisfy us. Our vocation enables us to speak to this deep human need. From our experience we can help people see that God alone can satisfy the human heart but we must be able to speak from our own experience.

In recent years Carmelites have woken up to the importance of the Prophet Elijah for our lives and ministry. This has been an excellent development and reflection on him has helped us see the importance of combining contemplation and prophetic action. Also for centuries we have been known as Mary's Order. Some of our writers said that the reason we were founded was to continue the love which Jesus had for his mother during his earthly life. The scapular has of course summed up Carmelite devotion to Our Lady. She is for us both mother and sister. She is the mother of the divine life within us, teaching us by example the vital importance of listening to the Word of God and thus allowing it to take root in our lives. She was not only a hearer of the Word but also she put the Word into practice. As our sister she accompanies us on our journey of faith. She shared our human life and experienced joy and sorrow in abundant measure. The first title of Our Lady within the Carmelite Order was protectress. In faith we know that we are not alone but that we have the assistance of the communion of saints. By wearing the scapular and trying to live what this rich symbol signifies, we accept that we are under the protection of Our Lady and we must try to remember that in the busy reality of daily life.

Titus Brandsma wrote that the vocation of the Carmelite is to be another Mary. She was the God-bearer for the world. Her "yes" gave God space to come into the world in a new way. At her word God became incarnate. If, like her, we truly consent to the presence and action of God in our lives, the divine life will grow within us. This is the purifying and transforming process which is an essential part of the Christian life. We will then become God-bearers for our world and of course this will lead to some kind of prophetic action which need not be dramatic to the eyes of human beings but will be according to the heart of God. Expressing our devotion in ways which speak to the whole person is important but we also must not forget the necessity of living the reality which the devotion implies. We should show our love for Our Lady in various ways but we must include the practical imitation of her virtues.

Throughout the centuries the same Carmelite charism has been lived in many ways. What does our Carmelite vocation look like in our own particular culture and time and what will it look like in the future? All of us are responsible for giving an answer to that question in the way we choose to live our calling.

Joseph Chalmers, O.Carm.

The role of the Prior, at local, Provincial and General level in our Rule and tradition is one of service. He leads the community first of all by his own example and his task is to make sure that the community is organised in such a way that the brothers can live a life of allegiance to Jesus Christ and serve him with a stout heart and a good conscience. The Prior is a leader but each member of the community is responsible for the health of the whole community and for his own life. The Prior is the one who is to remind all the brothers of our common vocation and constantly to recall all of us to that. However each one is ultimately responsible before God for how he actually lives the vocation which God has given him.

The reality is often very different from the theory. The role of leadership is to move the reality as close as possible to the ideal while being guided above all by the requirements of charity. However the leader can do very little without the full and willing co-operation of all concerned. We believe that a vocation comes from God but we must admit that mixed in with a divine call is the human element. So we find all sorts of people in religious communities.

A group of religious is a microcosm of the Church and the world. A vital part of the human response to a vocation is an acceptance of these concrete people with all their faults and failings. When we make our profession in the Order we take on community as an integral part of our vocation. This means that we have thrown in our lot with this group for better for worse, for richer for poorer, in sickness and in health till death do us part.

Each Provincial community has certain apostolic works which have either been inherited from long tradition or taken on in recent years. All the members of a Provincial community are responsible for these works. The supreme legislative body within a Province is the Chapter. It is there that decisions are made about the future and all the members have to own these decisions. Abstaining is a perfectly reasonable way to vote if we have no particular opinion about the topic or cannot make up our minds. It is not reasonable if it is a refusal to take responsibility and to remain aloof from the Province. Are we prepared to go along with the direction of the Province over the next few years? If not why not? What is our motivation? Very often our motives are very mixed. Purity of heart is a traditional Carmelite theme but how difficult it is to be pure of heart! Am I really motivated solely by the love of God and neighbour in everything I do or is it just possible that some selfishness may have crept in? What am I going to do about this? I am responsible for my own actions in the situation in which I find myself.

You are going to elect a Provincial and Council and they have certain authority to act in the name of the Province. It is not usual for everyone to agree with every decision that is taken but as members of the Province, we have to decide whether we can live with what has been decided or whether it does such violence to our conscience that we have no option but to leave the Province and seek incardination elsewhere either in another Province or in a diocese. Being freelance is a very attractive option to many of us but it is neither one thing nor the other. Elijah challenged the people to stop hobbling first on one leg then on the other. We cannot live for very long with other human beings without being hurt in some way. That is part of life but should not be used as an excuse to walk away from the community, retaining the privileges of a member of the Province but accepting none of the responsibilities.

It is good to have a bit of vision and try to set some reasonable goals for the Province, something which the majority are willing to work towards together. Realism is also important when formulating a vision. It may be that our goals seem very modest but if they are achieved this will give the whole group confidence to go forward and plan other goals.

What future do we want to construct for the Provincial community? Are we willing to be part of this future? One definition of the Carmelite charism is to form praying communities at the service of God's people. What does that mean in the concrete reality of this Province? Are we willing to move, to change our way of doing things in order to fit in with how the group wants to go forward?

Obviously whoever are chosen as leaders are not going to be as visionary as you, or as intelligent! They are going to be very limited. They are going to make certain decisions about the Province and some of these might appear to be very mistaken. I think that in theory everyone should have an opportunity to serve as Provincial or at least as Councillor, then there would be far fewer criticisms of those in leadership positions! Many of the decisions which are made by Provincial Councils are forced on them by circumstances beyond their control.

The reality in which we find ourselves is far from ideal. Some people spend their whole adult lives in the search for the ideal place or the ideal apostolate and the sad thing is they never find it. They end up bitter and disillusioned blaming God, life, the Church, the Order, Provincials, the brethren but never ever themselves. I believe totally in ideals. We have the Carmelite ideals presented to us in the Rule and Constitutions which guide us on our journey but this journey can be long and difficult. It is such a temptation to give up the journey and settle for much, much less. If, however, we seek to continue the journey we will learn a lot about ourselves and this revelation will make us much more understanding and accepting of the faults and foibles of others because we will know profoundly the areas where we are not completely mature. None of us is perfect but hopefully all of us are on the journey. Christianity is a community enterprise; the consecrated life is also. It is important to support whoever is elected Provincial. Support him in his task of animating the Province to live our Carmelite vocation to the full and to making the communities appropriate environments where a truly fraternal life can develop.

In order to reach the goal of the journey we need to consent to the purifying action of God in our lives which comes to us in the events of everyday. As we advance on this journey, we become more and more mature. Maturity and wisdom do not come automatically with age unfortunately but only when we allow the experiences of life to change us; when we listen to the still small voice of God who speaks to us from the midst of daily life. To seek to avoid responsibility is to remain immature. Remember the story of those who received the talents and they risked these in order to earn more but one refused to accept the risk and buried his in the ground in order to hand it back in pristine condition to the master. The master was not well pleased.

Each of us has been given many talents and we have been called to bring these together for a community enterprise. Those who are called to the service of leadership have certain responsibilities for which they must answer but their role does not take away from the responsibility of the rest of the group. All of us are responsible for the future. What future are we going to build for Carmel in our Province?

Joseph Chalmers, O.Carm.

"For freedom you have been set free. Do not submit again to the yoke of slavery." (Gal. 5,1). The desire to be free is not a modern invention. It has always existed in the hearts of men and women. The mission of Jesus was to set people free, to give them the freedom of the children of God.

If we see authority as the enemy of our freedom, then clearly we are going to have difficulties. The vow of obedience and the exercise of Christian authority are supposed to help all of us to be truly free. In the mendicant tradition, the prior, at every level, local prior, prior provincial, prior general, is the one who reminds the brothers of their common vocation; who constantly calls them to fidelity. He of course must first of all remind himself.

In the late sixties and early seventies, many changes were made in religious life in the wake of Vatican II. I never knew the pre-Vatican II religious life but I have heard many of the stories. Religious life was in need of a radical overhaul and many people responded with vigour. There was a great deal of confusion and many left religious life. The changes requested by the Council were very far reaching and perhaps many people thought that they had complied by dropping the habit and so on. However the fundamental change in religious life requested by the Council was that each religious order go back to its sources and rediscover its raison-d'être so that it could be re-interpreted for a new era.

After years of darkness and confusion, of uncertainty, debate and scholarly work, the Order returned to our sources and has managed to restate the Carmelite charism in modern terms. We seek to live a life of allegiance to Jesus Christ and to serve him faithfully. We do this by committing ourselves to the search for the face of the living God (the contemplative dimension of the Gospel), to fraternity and to service in the midst of the people (art 14). The experience of the desert is the unifying factor of these values (art. 15). The prophet Elijah and Our Lady are especially inspirational to us (art.25 ff). Of course the supreme norm for us and for every religious Order is the Gospel.

The charism is a gift which God has entrusted to the Carmelite Family and which has been handed down throughout the centuries. It is rather like a ball of wax which bears the impression of all who have handled it. We too will leave an impression of our hands and it is our duty to pass the ball on to others. This charism has inspired thousands of people throughout the ages and continues to inspire thousands today. The charism is not a narrow and restrictive thing but a life giving inspiration which has a great deal of room for all sorts of possibilities.

The vitality of the Rule has been rediscovered in the past twenty years or so as a fundamental inspiration for our way of life. The Constitutions, passed at the 1995 General Chapter, are the authentic expression of the charism as it is understood in our day. Most Provinces of the Order have organised days so that the members can deepen their understanding of the charism as expressed in the Constitutions. At the General Chapter, it was felt that we have done enough agonising over who we are. We have grown beyond that stage and now our task is to look at how we must incarnate this charism in each culture.

In the Constitutions we are reminded that Jesus lived his freedom not in self-sufficiency but in obedience to the Father. Jesus obeyed because he loved the Father and because he loved us (45). Therefore the context of obedience is love. Religious obedience is understood by the same article of the Constitutions as a surrender of our will fully to God. As we follow the obedient, poor and chaste Christ, we become less focused on ourselves (43). Article 46 tells us that following Christ in his obedience means listening together to the word of God and reading the signs of the times in order to discern the will of God today. Doing this, however, involves a constant and profound process of transformation.

Undergoing the process of transformation is not easy. Our freedom has been won at great cost - Christ's death on the cross - and he tells all those who follow him, that they too must be prepared to die - for those who wish to save their life, will lose it but those who lose their life for his sake and for the sake of the Gospel will keep it for the eternal life. To become truly free we need to follow Christ to the cross and beyond. For many, freedom comes at too great a cost and they find slavery more congenial. To be free involves letting go of the old self which is self absorbed in order to receive our true self as a gift from God. We are slaves when we are driven by our hidden needs and desires and when these become absolute demands brooking no interference from the legitimate needs and rights of others.

What is crucial is our motivation. All the writings of John of the Cross about the dark nights refers to the transformation process whereby an individual grows from selfishness to pure love. The word which John uses for good people, good religious, who say their prayers and live good lives is "beginners" and he paints a devastating picture of them. He points out that though on the surface they appear to be very good in fact their motivation is all wrong and you just have to scratch the surface and you will see a different side to their character.

So in relation to the exercise of our freedom, what is our motivation? If our motivation is to adhere totally to Christ and consent to God's will in our lives, then we are free. A problem arises when an unfree individual desires to exercise his freedom and this brings him into conflict with another unfree individual who has authority. Could it be that we are driven by our own needs and are not in fact inspired by the pure love of God? Could it be that some selfishness creeps in to our exercise of freedom and authority? Could it be that we are not free at all?

This is why the Constitutions speak of the necessity of transformation in order to live out our vow of obedience (46). If we want to continue doing our own thing undisturbed and have no interest in consenting to God's purifying action in our lives, then we really are wasting our time discussing this because nothing is going to change.

We show that we consent to God's purifying action in our lives by doing our part to dismantle the false and selfish part of us. We cannot accomplish this work on our own; it does require God's power because our selfishness is so deep rooted. The first step towards dismantling the selfish part of us which enslaves us is to try to get below the surface and examine our motives for our actions. Our emotions are our greatest friends in that they infallibly point to our true values despite what we may say or think. They tell us what is really going on inside us.

If I am asked to be assistant pastor in a parish and I angrily refuse it, I need to examine the reasons for my anger. Why did I react to a simple request by becoming angry? Did I feel insulted that I was not asked to be the pastor? Did I feel neglected and rejected by the whole Province and therefore reacted by refusing to countenance the request? There is nothing at all wrong with those feelings. It is normal and human to feel things like that. I exercise maturity and freedom when I can look at my motives honestly, accept what I feel and then make a rational decision based on the evidence. I am a slave when my feelings force me to act in a particular way and then I use my rational powers to find reasons to back up my childish stance.

It should be obvious that simply because I do or do not want to do something, it does not necessarily follow that God must want the same thing. If Jesus had followed that principle, he would have run as fast as he could from the garden of Gethsemane. If you are determined to do your own thing come what may then again you are wasting time looking at this subject. It is only worthwhile discussing this if you really are searching for God's will and willing to examine your motives.

What is the point of offering God one thing when He is asking something completely different from us? How do we know what God's will is for us? This is obviously a very complex issue and we can never be certain that we have got it right either as individuals or as communities. However God writes straight with crooked lines and can use our mistakes and even our sins to bring about something good. We can only do our best and try to discern what is God's will. If we genuinely try to discern, then I do not believe we will go far wrong.

Discernment of course involves taking account of what God puts in front of our faces. We cannot claim to be discerning if we pay no attention to the Gospel, which is the supreme norm for all Christians, or the Rule and Constitutions, which are the authentic inspiration of Carmelite life in our day.

The exercise of freedom is Christian when it is not driven by selfish motives but when we make decisions taking into account not just how we feel and what we want but also all the other relevant circumstances and then make decisions which we believe are for the building up of the Kingdom of God and not our own little kingdom. The crucial factor is our motivation - what really lies behind our decisions.

Joseph Chalmers, O.Carm.

Throughout the centuries various ways of following Christ have been tried and tested. Some of these ways have endured to our present day and still have the power to attract many people and help them to live a deeper life of allegiance to Jesus Christ. One of these ways is the Carmelite way.

A vocation is a very personal call from God. Each of us has our own particular vocation to become what God knows we can be. An important part of our vocation is our attraction to a particular way of following Christ. Some people are attracted to the Jesuit, or Franciscan or Dominican way but we feel deep within us an attraction to the Carmelite way. No particular spirituality is better than another. They all are intended to help us live the Gospel in the fullest possible way. Our way is the Carmelite way because that is the path to which God has called us.

So what is this Carmelite way? First of all, as with every Christian spirituality, we are called to be followers of Christ. We keep our eyes fixed on him; he is our leader, our teacher, our brother, our saviour, our Lord. We seek to assimilate his message and to live the Gospel in daily life. The Carmelite way of doing this is to commit ourselves to search for the face of the Living God, which is the contemplative dimension of life, to fraternity and to the service of others. These values are intimately related to one another and are united by means of the experience of the desert. Like Elijah, we must pass by way of the desert in order to reach Mount Horeb, the mountain of God. In the desert, the living flame of love burns within us, burning away all that is not God, and preparing us to meet God in the sound of a gentle breeze. We are not alone on this journey. Accompanying us always is Our Lady, our sister and our mother, who gently teaches us how to listen to the still small voice of God and to consent to God's presence and action in our life. Carmel has always been marian and will always be so. We express our devotion to Our Lady in different ways according to our different cultures but all of us seek to live our devotion by becoming like her.

The first hermits on Mount Carmel gathered as a community in order to seek God's will together. Somewhere between 1206 and 1214 these hermits had reached such a unity and common purpose that they decided to make their group more formal by seeking ecclesiastical approval and so they asked Albert, Patriarch of Jerusalem, to write for them a "formula vitae" based on the proposal which they presented to him.

In 1997 we celebrated the 750th anniversary of the definitive approval of the Rule. On this occasion, the Superior General of the Discalced Carmelites and I sent a joint letter to the whole Carmelite Family about the Rule which has been and remains the inspiration for the two Orders. It is not only an historical document but is a real source of inspiration for all Carmelites. The title of our letter was, "Open to God's Future". Our spiritual tradition is not only a great treasure of the past but has the power to inspire us today and in the future.

The Carmelite Rule is brief and we do not possess a copy of the original, written between 1206 and 1214. The oldest version which exists is that definitively approved by Pope Innocent IV in 1247 when the hermits desired to join that new prophetic movement in the Church at the time - the mendicant movement.

There are various ways of reading a text. We can ask what St. Albert meant and what the hermits understood when he wrote. There are also other possible interpretations which go beyond what St. Albert and the hermits actually had in mind. These new interpretations come about by asking the text the questions we have, based on our own experience of life. An ancient text like the Rule can also be studied in a scientific or historical way. All of these different studies and methods of interpretation are important but even more important of course is to live the values contained in the Rule.

It is possible to interpret a text but not allow it to touch us deeply. One can approach a text with the conviction that one already knows very well what it has to say. In this case one runs the risk of not being open to the nuances of the text. The same problem exists when we approach Sacred Scripture. At times familiarity with the words of Jesus can actually be a barrier to what God wants to say to us today which is a word of salvation.

The Rule is imbued with the Word of God. Even though it is brief, it contains about 100 Scriptural allusions either explicit or implicit. St. Albert clearly was a man who had meditated at length on the Word of God. The hermits were commanded to meditate on the law of the Lord day and night. The reason for this precept is directed towards the transformation of the individual in Christ. It is important to seek with the intellect what the Word means but even more important is that the Word itself is on our lips and in our hearts and accompanies our every action (Rule, 19).

At the beginning of the Rule, St. Albert says that everyone is called to live in the "obsequium Iesu Christi". Studies on the Rule have shown that it is not a simple list of regulations; in fact, comparing the sketch of the Christian community present in the Acts of the Apostles with the Rule, one notes many points of convergence and a similar logical structure. In Acts we find the following:-

"They devoted themselves to the apostles' teaching and fellowship, to the breaking of bread and the prayers…….And all who believed were together and had all things in common….." (2, 42-47) and "Now the company of those who believed were of one heart and soul, and no-one said that any of the things which he possessed was his own, but they had everything in common." (4,32).

The hermits came from various parts of Europe to live in the land made sacred by the presence of Jesus and where he shed his blood for the redemption of the human race. Jesus Christ is at the centre of the Rule and of the life of each hermit. They desired to form a community of disciples, taking as their model the primitive Christian community. In order to accomplish this project, each individual must allow the law of God to take full possession of his heart. To stay awake in prayer is an essential attitude (Rule, 10) in order to be always ready for the Lord's coming to us. A community can be compared to an orchestra. Each instrument must be in harmony with all the others so that the whole orchestra can play the same tune. Analogously in our communities, the spiritual state of each member affects the whole community.

Each hermit is to remain in the cell assigned to him by the prior. Often we are tempted to seek God everywhere except where we are but God comes to meet us in our present reality and it is for us to discover God's presence in the events of every day. St. Augustine said that he had wasted a great deal of time searching for God outside himself when all the time God was present in his inmost being.

The Rule speaks of praying the canonical hours (Rule,11). When we pray the psalms, we have the possibility of assimilating the way Jesus Himself thought and prayed. Later this section of the Rule was applied to the obligation to pray the Divine Office, which is the official prayer of the whole Church. Christ, the head of the Body, intercedes always for us before the throne of mercy, and we, as members of the Church, take part in this constant prayer of Christ. We are living members of the Body of Christ which is the Church and we pray for one another and for the whole world. Christ is the eternal Priest and in him we are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation (1 Pet, 2,9). We have the duty to praise and thank God on behalf of the world and perhaps especially on behalf of those who never think of God. In the Divine Office, we take part in the heavenly liturgy which is the intimate relationship between the Father, Son and Holy Spirit. This prayer of the whole Church nourishes us and helps us grow spiritually. It is important to bring to the liturgy fervent hearts so that when we leave to go back to our "cell" as the Rule says, the prayer of each of us will have been nourished by the prayer of the whole Church.

The hermits are to construct a chapel in the midst of their cells (Rule, 14) where they are to gather each morning to celebrate Eucharist. At the time the Rule was written it seems that hermits normally only gathered together for Mass on a Sunday and so the precept to gather each day points to the great importance which the first group of Carmelites gave to the Eucharist. The daily gathering is an invitation to come out of the solitude of the individual cells, and the risk of self-sufficiency, to meet with God in the heart of the community. We must make space in our lives to meet God face to face but we must never forget that the authenticity of any religious experience is proved in the way we relate to our neighbour. Does our personal prayer make us more able to accept other people as they are? God accepts us as we are in all our weakness and imperfection. Can we do the same with others?

The Eucharist is the celebration of the children of God. Before communion we receive the peace of Christ and we share this peace with one another. Thus united we are in communion with one another. We receive Christ in order to grow in His likeness as individuals and as community. By receiving communion we enter into union with Christ. The Rule helps us continue to live in union with Christ and in communion with one another so that together we may live in Him. The Eucharist is central to our prayer. During the celebration we make a formal offering of ourselves in union with Christ to the Father and after the celebration we must seek to put this formal offering into practice in daily life. The details of the Rule provide the structure within which we can do this and God presents us each day with many situations in which we can live out this offering. Obviously if we were aware in a particular moment that God was speaking to us in and through some event, we would listen carefully but God has become one of us and so approaches us every day in very human ways. Often the way God chooses to approach us is so insignificant that we have great difficulty recognising His presence. The solitude and silence of the cell is the sacred space where our hearts are tuned in to hear the voice of God. Through our personal and community prayer we learn how to listen to the still small voice of God who speaks within us and we learn to see God's face in the face of our neighbour.

According to the times and the place where the Rule was written, the spiritual life is seen as a combat between good and evil. Fasting and abstinence are proposed as a preparation for this great battle (Rule, 16 & 17). We must put on the armour of God (Rule, 19) and protect ourselves from every evil with the shield of faith.

We see in the life of St. Thérèse of Lisieux that her faith gave her the strength o continue despite great temptations. Faith involves believing firmly in the presence of God who lives in us and sustains us each moment. If we are in the desert or in the midst of darkness, it is faith in the living God which protects us and keeps us going. We are asked to put on the helmet of salvation to remind us of our need for salvation; we cannot save ourselves. We need to trust in the mercy of God who will liberate us from sin and lead us to eternal life. The sword of the Spirit, which is the Word of God, must abound in our mouths and hearts. We must seek to know the Word of God so that it will become an integral part of our being. We must be transformed by the Word so that the plan of God may be realised in each one of us. Reading and meditating on the Word of God will not necessarily make us learned people but will make us wise, filled with the wisdom of God which, to the eyes of the world, may appear to be foolishness but in reality this foolishness of God is wiser than all human wisdom and God's weakness is stronger than hum strength ( 1 Cor. 1,25).

Work and silence are important parts of the Carmelite life. To work is to play a part in the creativity of God and so our work, whatever it may be, is important. However work must not become an idol for us; it is vital to make space for God in the midst of all our activities. Silence is the ambience in which we can more easily become aware of the presence of God. Silence should not just be an absence of noise; it must be filled with God. Exterior silence is useful but more necessary still is interior silence. In the silence of our hearts we can begin to discern the voice of God.
"God spoke one word, which was His Son, and He always repeats it in an eternal silence, and in silence must it ever be heard by the soul." (John of the Cross, Points of Love, 21).

The first group of Carmelite hermits has blossomed into the world-wide Carmelite family. Being members of one family is a very important element of our Carmelite vocation. We do not follow Christ as isolated individuals but as sisters and brothers. There are obviously different ways of living this value of fraternity according to our particular calling. However the essential element is that we are aware that we are bound to one another as brothers and sisters. The heart of the Christian vocation is to become like Christ and to love as God loves. We can all be very good at loving our neighbour in theory; it is really loving real people which causes us problems. On our journey through the desert and up the slopes of Mount Carmel, we walk with other people who share our fundamental values and who are trying to follow Christ as we are. I think of our relationship with other people as God's gift to us. It is like the statue of the Pietá in St. Peter's. This started out as a block of marble and only Michelangelo could see what this block of marble would become. He started work on it using hammer and chisel. God is the great artist. God can see what we can become and so works on us. The tools which God uses are very often other people and especially those with whom we come into contact every day. They are the ones who rub away our rough corners.

We are unique individuals but we share a common heritage. We are bound together as brothers and sisters. We seek the face of God together and we find God in and through one another. Our love for God is proved by the way we treat one another. Our normal tendency is to restrict our love in some way but as we seek God together, we gradually learn to love from the Source of all love. As we let go of our narrow vision of who deserves to be loved, we learn to look at people as God looks at them. We learn compassion and respect for others and they begin to be set free by our love.

Being united as an international family is in itself a prophetic way of living. One of the essential elements of the Carmelite way of life is a commitment to serve others.. There are innumerable ways of doing this in daily life. All Christian service is somehow directed towards the coming of God's Kingdom. We seek to live the values of the Kingdom here and now and with our strong Elijan tradition, we are aware that we do so in a prophetic way. A prophet is one who proclaims the Word of God in particular situations. We can do this is very humble and unobtrusive ways as well as in very important works. Elijah was impelled to prophetic action because of his experience of God. The core of the Carmelite way of life is the contemplative dimension. Being a contemplative does not necessarily mean spending many hours in prayer each day, although a commitment to spending time alone with God is essential. The test of whether our experience of God is authentic is how we live in daily life - how we treat other people - whether we seek to serve others or not.

Titus Brandsma said that the Carmelite vocation is to become another Mary and I think that this sums up our contemplative vocation best of all. She had the most intimate relationship with Christ. She let go of her own will, her own ideas and plans so that the will of God could be accomplished in her. Some people have difficulty with the way Catholics treat Our Lady and they point out how little she appears in the Gospels but this is precisely the way of a contemplative who becomes filled with God and points always towards God and away from herself.

Being a contemplative does not mean having extraordinary experiences in prayer. This happens to a very, very small number of people. Most contemplatives follow Christ through the desert in the night and rarely glimpse what is happening to them but God is at work in the darkness, forming and shaping them into a new creation. Article 17 of the Constitutions of the friars tells us that contemplation begins when we entrust ourselves to God whatever way God chooses to come to us. God often comes to us in totally unexpected ways. Mary received the Word of God through the message of an angel but she was also open to hearing God's voice at the foot of the cross. Elijah met God not in the earthquake or the fire or the mighty wind but in the sound of a gentle breeze. We must seek to be attentive for the voice of God in our daily lives.

Clearly there are many aspects to our Carmelite vocation but I am convinced that the contemplative aspect is crucial because if we take it seriously, the other aspects will also become much more fruitful. Carmel is synonymous with prayer and contemplation. We fulfil our vocation not by doing many things for God but allowing God to transform us.

If we accept the invitation of God to continue this interior journey, we will of course encounter some difficulties because we will begin to see more clearly what is motivating us. We will become aware that sometimes even our seemingly best actions emerge from selfish motives. However in following this path we will live out the fundamental values of our Rule and our spirituality and thus our human ways of thinking, loving and acting will be transformed into divine ways. We will see finally with the eyes of God and we will love the whole of creation with the heart of God.

For almost 800 years the Rule has inspired innumerable people to clothe themselves with the Word of God. Carmelite spirituality is not completely contained in the brief text of the Rule but it is the source from which the whole tradition emerges. I pray that our Rule be a living word for all of us and that it will inspire us today and in the future so that we will be worthy to follow in the footsteps of all those men and women throughout the ages who have taken the Rule as a light for their path.

Joseph Chalmers, O.Carm.

The General Chapter of 1995 was the last to be held this century and it launched the Carmelite Order towards the new millennium. At the Chapter we tackled three principal tasks:
1) To examine and approve new Constitutions;
2) To elect a Prior General and General Council and
3) To examine the theme, "Carmel: A Place and a Journey into the Third Millennium - Our Mission Today - 'Get up and eat lest the journey be too long' (1 Kg. 19,7).

For many years and at many international meetings the Order has focused on our Carmelite identity. It was felt now to be time to reflect on Carmel's mission. The "place" mentioned in the theme is for us of course Mount Carmel which stands for the fundamental values of our Carmelite life. These values are well expressed in the new Constitutions.

The concept of journey speaks to us of a dynamic reality. We are on the way but to where? Towards the third millennium certainly - towards the future but what will the future hold for us? We are invited into God's future who alone knows what that will be and who is already constructing the future out of our present. We are laying the foundations now for what we will be in the future.

We are told in the new Constitutions (art. 14) that Carmelites follow Christ above all by committing ourselves to searching for the face of the Living God (the contemplative dimension of life), to community and to service in the midst of the people. These values are intimately related to one another. They are united by means of the experience of the desert. Carmelites are committed to make of Christ crucified, naked and emptied, the foundation of our lives. We are to destroy every obstacle which prevents us from being perfectly dependent on him and every obstacle which prevents us loving God and others perfectly. The process of stripping away everything that is not God, which leads to union with God, is called in our spiritual tradition "puritas cordis" and "vacare Deo", concepts which express total openness to God and a progressive self-emptying.

When, through this process we arrive at the point where we can see the whole of reality with the eyes of God, our attitude towards the world will be transformed and this changed view will be incarnated in our life of community and service. The two figures who inspire us above all to follow Christ in this way are of course the Prophet Elijah and Our Lady, the Mother of Carmel.

The Call to be Contemplative

The Carmelite is called to be a contemplative. Contemplative do not only live in enclosed monasteries. There are many contemplatives who live in the midst of a very busy world. There are contemplatives in every neighbourhood and in every area of life. The word "contemplative" does not refer to a state but a way of relating to God. By our Carmelite vocation, we are called to be contemplatives but what does that mean in practice?

What does it mean to seek the face of the Living God? Surely we have been taught from our earliest years that God is everywhere and therefore does not need to be sought? However it is also true that God is very elusive. God cannot be grasped by the human mind. We know by experience that God alone can ultimately satisfy us since we have been created with a capacity for God. God's desire is to unite with us in a way which is beyond the power of human words to describe. This is God's gift but it will not be given to anyone who does not wish to receive it. I think that what God wants to give us is beautifully summed up in the following reading from the letter to the Ephesians:-

"This then is what I pray, kneeling before the Father from whom every family whether spiritual or natural takes its name, that out of His infinite glory He may grant you the power, through His Spirit, for your hidden self to grow strong so that Christ may live in your hearts through faith and then planted in love and built on love, you will with all the saints have strength to grasp the breadth and the length, the height and the depth; until knowing the love of Christ which is beyond all knowledge, you are filled with the utter fullness of God. Glory be to Him who wants to do far more for us than we could ask for or even imagine. Glory be to Him in the Church and in Christ Jesus for ever and ever. Amen" (Eph. 3, 14-21).

The writer wants us to be filled with the utter fullness of God. To be filled with the utter fullness of God is to be a mystic. Mysticism or contemplation is not for an elite few: it is for everyone. Remember the prophetic words of Karl Rahner, "The Christian of the future will be a mystic or will not be a Christian at all." To be a mystic means to become an intimate friend of God. This is the call which we receive in baptism and mysticism or contemplation is the full flowering of the baptismal grace. In our world we are witnessing a thirst for prayer, a thirst for God. Carmelite spirituality can lead people to the source of living water where their thirst can be quenched. As Carmelites we are not only expected to be good parish priests or teachers but also and above all we are expected to be able to lead people in their search for God. We are expected to speak of God from our own experience.

In order to be able to lead people to the Source of living water, we must know something of the desert which is a necessary and integral part of our vocation. The desert can take many forms. It may come in the form or an illness or an appointment to some difficult position or the failure to be elected to a position of authority, or removal from some apostolate which we have made our own, or from a community where we have become very comfortable and so on. God uses the ordinary things of life to challenge us to grow, to move from where we are to where we can be. This is a difficult journey which we really do not want to make and so God gives us a push to get us moving and to continue our journey when we get stuck.

The desert is where God erupts into our comfortable little world and knocks down some of the things which have provided our security in the past so that we might learn by experience that our security can only be based in God. The desert never comes in a way that we expect so that we cannot control what is happening.

The faith to which we are called is very radical since it goes to the roots of our existence as we are gradually transformed to become what God knows we can be. We are asked to take the risk of letting go control of our own lives and allowing God to take control. Mary, our Mother and our sister, points the way for us. She allowed God to have full freedom in her life and she challenges us to do the same. Too often we make Our Lady into a plaster cast statue and say lovely prayers to her but we ignore what she says to us through the pages of Scripture. Remember what she said to the servants at the wedding feast - "Do whatever he tells you". (Jn. 2,5)

Called to form community

We seek God alone not as isolated individuals but as a community which needs to be continually built up because it does not grow naturally. We have been called to live as members of a community. Living fully this very important element of our vocation is prophetic in that it points out that the love of Christ can break down the walls of division which human beings use to separate themselves from others. Community is God's gift to us because relationships are essential to our growth. We can all be very good at loving our neighbour if we never have to meet him or her. Community living can at times be difficult but it is through close interaction with other human beings that we grow.

We are unique individuals but we share a common heritage. We seek the face of God together and we find God in and through one another. Community is an important element of our way to God. Our love for God is proved by the way we treat one another. Do you love God? If you really want to know the answer to that question, just ask the members of your community.

The value of building community is very much connected with the first value of being a contemplative because how we relate to other people depends very much on how we relate to God. If we can begin to look on creation and see things as God sees them, then our relationships with others will bring them life and freedom. Until God has purified us, our tendency is to manipulate people, very subtly at times, to conform to what we desire. Love must be unconditional or it is a form of manipulation. God's way of loving is unconditional ; our way is conditional on the response we get. So our way of loving must be purified and the only way this can happen is if God does it. God respects us totally and will only do accomplish this if we co-operate.

We need to consent daily to the presence and action of God in our lives, remembering always that God's ways are not our ways. God will act in our lives to purify us in ways that may seem very strange to us. If we are to recognise the presence and action of God at work in our lives we must tune into God's wavelength. The only way of doing that is by spending time, quality time, alone with God and seeking God together with the members of our community.

Called to serve

The third fundamental Carmelite value is to serve in the midst of people. We know that the Carmelites at a very early stage changed their lifestyle from hermits to mendicant friars. The fundamental idea of the mendicant movement was to provide a different model of following Christ than that of the monks. The mendicant ideal was to find God at the heart of the world and to serve people where they were.

We know that what makes the Carmelite is not the particular work but the underlying attitudes with which the work is approached. If we truly have tasted God in our prayer, we will want to share this love with the people whom we are called to serve. We know that love cannot be just words but must be very practical.

The choice which the early Carmelites made to become mendicant friars has deeply marked Carmelite spirituality. The desert and the mountain top, where one can be alone with God, still exercise a fascination for the Carmelite. There is a need to find space where one can be alone with God but the desert is often to be found among people.

St. John of the Cross once said that a single drop of divine love is worth far more than all the good works. This means that much more is accomplished through a life which is totally surrendered to God than by many good works which are vitiated by egoism. When our lives are totally surrendered to God, we are like God and we love as God loves. Therefore our very being brings life to others. The work of surrendering our lives to God totally is truly the work of a life time and is the hardest work we will ever do.

Our prayer, our work and our community lives are to form a seamless whole. Our prayer will make us more involved in the service of our neighbour because the point of prayer is not to feel good but to see with the eyes of God and to love with the heart of God. In turn our apostolic work will force us back to prayer as we see that we can do nothing without God but that with God all things are possible. Our community life is a fruitful source of our apostolate and is also a proof that the Gospel really works when people see that we can truly live in harmony with one another.

Some Challenges

What then are the challenges which we face as we move into the third millennium? The principal challenge of course is what it has always been - to become what we are called to be. However, among others, I would like to underline the following four concrete challenges:-

1) Vocations and formation
2) The quality of community life
3) A renewal of our commitment to prayer
4) New evangelisation

1. Vocations and Formation

All of us have the serious duty to work and pray for vocations. The best way to attract new vocations is simply to be what we are called to be. The Carmelite ideal has lost none of its attractiveness throughout the centuries. We must of course be where young people are. It is not necessary to be a specialist in this field. Young people are looking for people who will listen to them, without always feeling the need to preach. We do not need to know all the answers. It is essential to have a good policy for vocations ministry and to have communities which will truly be places of welcome for young people who wish to "come and see" (Jn. 1,39) and where they can experience what our life has to offer.

When vocations do come to us, we have the sacred duty to form them according to the Carmelite ideal If we provide an excellent formation for our new vocations this will pay off very well in the years to come. Then whatever sacrifices we have had to make will have been worth it.

Obviously our spirituality is not only for the friars or nuns but is shared by all the groups which make up the Carmelite Family. The charism of an Order is a gift of God for the Church and the world. Therefore an important element of the work for vocations and formation is to share our Carmelite ideals with anyone who is interested. I am thinking here of the many groups which are attached to the Order and also of individuals who are simply attracted by our spirituality. All of these could be said to be members of the Carmelite Family even though the connection might be very loose. In order to share our Carmelite ideals we must not only know them but have interiorised them and live them.

2. The quality of community life

It is very clear that we have been called together as members of a contemplative family and the witness we give is truly prophetic. One of the challenges we have for the future is to work on the quality of our community lives.

We need to examine ourselves individually and as communities. How much time are we willing to give to building up the community? Each of us must ask, "Does my presence add to the happiness of my sisters and brothers or am I a difficulty for them?" It is not enough just to say prayers together or to eat together. Are we willing to talk about and be open about the issues which really matter and which affect the community? People are thirsting for real community. The building up of community requires a lot from us but equally will give us a great deal in return.

3. A Renewal of our commitment to prayer

Prayer is not just words that we say; prayer is our relationship with God. Our vocation is to be transformed - to become a new creation. This is not something we can bring about. It is God's work but it requires of us a total commitment. The way of prayer is very demanding and so there is a great temptation to settle for much less.

By calling for a renewal of commitment to prayer I am not asking for us as individuals or as communities to say more prayers. What I am calling for is a re-commitment to consent to God's presence and action in our lives however that is manifested. Obviously we need to set aside adequate time for personal and community prayer. We need the space and the silence to listen to God who speaks in the depths of our hearts with a still , small voice. If our lives are filled with too much noise, we will not be able to hear this voice. I believe that a renewal in our commitment to prayer will have a profound impact on our personal and community lives and also on our apostolic work.

4. New Evangelisation

We know of the Church's call for an era of new evangelisation as we approach the third millennium. We mentioned in the final document coming from the General Chapter 1995 that we could see in the experience of Elijah an example for ourselves. He was deeply depressed because he believed that, despite his wonderful victory over the prophets of Baal, they had in fact won. He believed that he was alone but God pointed out to Elijah that there were very many who had not bent the knee to Baal. Like Elijah, we are asked to look at our reality with new eyes, to see the good things which are there despite the counter signs. We are to be like the watchers on the towers of the city who are the first to see the dawn. There are signs of light everywhere heralding a new dawn to those with eyes to see.

It is not allowed for a Christian to be a pessimist! We are to be optimists because Christ has already won the victory over sin and death. We are the heralds of Christ. Even when we cannot see any reason for optimism, we are asked to believe in the power of God who is creating even now a new heaven and a new earth.

Perhaps one of the big problems for us in this work of evangelisation is to find a new language to express the unchangeable truths of the faith. Perhaps the traditional language no longer speaks to modern people. In order to find a suitable language it is necessary to soak ourselves in the Gospel message. The best language is a life which has been transformed in God. If we are "filled with the utter fullness of God", we will speak very powerfully to people of the love of God or rather God will speak very powerfully through us and, using our hands and voices, will touch the hearts of many. Love is not an abstract ideal; it is very practical. If in our apostolic work, we can show people in practice what the love of God is and what it feels like, they are more likely to believe it.

Look for CHRIST OUR LORD in every one and you will then have respect and reverence for all.

( St. Teresa of Jesus )

In response to the General Chapter of 2013, the Order’s commission for evangelization and mission at its September meeting began to work on a project that might engage the whole Carmelite Family. On the 30th March 2015 a letter from this commission, together with a short booklet in the three official languages of the Order (Italian, Spanish, English), was circulated to all provincials, superiors general and affiliated groups. This letter expressed the desire of the commission to engage in a conversation with the whole Carmelite Family on evangelization and mission. There are seven short reflections with an overall theme “To be a Carmelite today: A joy ever new, a joy to be shared.” Each section has quotations from Evangelii Gaudium of Pope Francis, the final message of the General Chapter and an invitation to reflection and prayer. The letter and the booklet can be downloaded from the Order’s website

http://ocarm.org/en/content/ocarm/letter-commission-evangelization-and-mission

and were necessary translated, printed and distributed to communities, monasteries, TOC groups and individuals. A brief summary of community, province or individual reflections can be posted back on the area provided on our website and will be used by the commission to further the mission of the Order with regards to the challenge of evangelization today.

Jesus calms the storm
Jesus sleeps in our boat
Mark 4:35-41

1. Opening prayer

Lord Jesus, send your Spirit to help us to read the Scriptures with the same mind that you read them to the disciples on the way to Emmaus. In the light of the Word, written in the Bible, you helped them to discover the presence of God in the disturbing events of your sentence and death. Thus, the cross that seemed to be the end of all hope became for them the source of life and of resurrection.
Create in us silence so that we may listen to your voice in Creation and in the Scriptures, in events and in people, above all in the poor and suffering. May your word guide us so that we too, like the two disciples from Emmaus, may experience the force of your resurrection and witness to others that you are alive in our midst as source of fraternity, justice and peace. We ask this of you, Jesus, son of Mary, who revealed to us the Father and sent us your Spirit. Amen.

2. Reading

a) A key to the reading:

There are days when life is like a small boat lost among the waves of a rough sea. Everything around us looks dark, a storm is brewing. God is hidden, Jesus is absent, no one close to us can help, encourage. One feels like giving up!
Let us listen to the story of the calmed storm. As we read, let us pretend to be on the boat with Jesus and the disciples. Let us try to live with them what is happening and pay attention to Jesus’ attitude and the reaction of the disciples.

b) A division of the text to help us with the reading:

Mark 4:35-36: Jesus decides to cross over to the other side of the lake
Mark 4:37-38: A sudden storm endangers the life of all
Mark 4:39-40: Jesus calms the storm and criticises the lack of faith
Mark 4:41: Fear and lack of understanding on the part of the disciples

c) Text:

35 With the coming of evening that same day, he said to them, 'Let us cross over to the other side.' 36 And leaving the crowd behind they took him, just as he was, in the boat; and there were other boats with him. 37 Then it began to blow a great gale and the waves were breaking into the boat so that it was almost swamped. 38 But he was in the stern, his head on the cushion, asleep. 39 They woke him and said to him, 'Master, do you not care? We are lost!' And he woke up and rebuked the wind and said to the sea, 'Quiet now! Be calm!' And the wind dropped, and there followed a great calm. 40 Then he said to them, 'Why are you so frightened? Have you still no faith?' 41 They were overcome with awe and said to one another, 'Who can this be? Even the wind and the sea obey him.'

3. A moment of prayerful silence

so that the Word of God may penetrate and enlighten our life.

4. Some questions

to help us in our personal reflection.

a) What pleased you most in this text? Why?
b) What situation do Jesus and his disciples find themselves in, and what is their reaction?
c) What was the stormy sea in the times of Jesus? What is the stormy sea in the days Mark is writing his Gospel? What is the stormy sea for you today?
d) Read Isaiah 43:2 and Psalm 107(106),25-30, and compare these texts with the passage of the calmed storm. What can you conclude?
e) What does all this mean in our life today?

5. For those who wish to go deeper into the theme

a) The context that sheds light on the text:

A beautiful painting hung on a well-lit wall seems even more beautiful thanks to the colours of the wall that underscores the beauty. The same is true of the painting of the calmed storm. The wall of the context makes it more beautiful. Mark has just narrated two parables that bring out the mystery of the Kingdom present in the things of life (Mk 4:1-34). Now he begins to talk of the mystery of the Kingdom as present in the power exercised by Jesus for his disciples, for people and, above all, for the excluded and marginalized. Let us take a look at the sequence: Mark begins by presenting a Jesus who overcomes the sea, the symbol of chaos. In Jesus there is the power of a creator! (Mk 4:35-41). Immediately after that he shows a Jesus who overcomes and drives out evil spirits. In him there is a liberating power! (Mk 5:1-20). Finally, he describes at length the manner in which Jesus overcomes impurity and death. In him there is the power of life! (Mk 5:21-43). In Jesus there is a creating power that liberates, purifies and communicates life to those who approach him!
Mark is writing for the persecuted communities of the 70’s who feel like a small boat lost on the sea of life, with little hope of being able to reach the desired harbour of peace. Jesus seems to be asleep in their boat, because they do not feel the divine power to save them from persecution. In that desperate situation, Mark brings together various passages that underline the power with which Jesus is present in the communities. It is the victorious Jesus! They need not fear. This is the aim of the story of the calmed storm.

b) A commentary on the text:

Mark 4:35-36: The point of departure: “Let us cross over to the other side”.
It had been a heavy day with much work. There were so many people that Jesus, so as not to be crushed by the crowd, had to go into a boat to teach them by means of a parable (Mk 4:1). There were days when there was not even time to eat (Mk 3:20). When he finished telling the people the parable, Jesus said to his disciples: “Let us cross over to the other side!” And there and then, they took him in the boat. Jesus was so tired that he stretched out and went to sleep. This is the first frame that Mark presents to us. A beautiful frame and quite human.

Mark 4,37-38: The desperate situation: “Do you not care? We are lost!
The lake of Galilee is close to high mountains. Sometimes between the cracks in the rocks the wind blows hard on the lake and causes sudden storms. This is what happened. A strong wind blew on the sea causing a storm. The boat filled with water! The disciples were experienced fishermen. If they thought they were about to perish, then this meant that the situation was really dangerous! Jesus is not aware of anything and goes on sleeping. This deep sleep is not only the sign of immense weariness, it is also an expression of his quiet faith in God. The contrast between Jesus’ attitude and that of the two disciples is great!

Mark 4:9-40: Jesus’ reaction: “Have you still no faith?”
Jesus wakes up not because of the waves but because of the desperate cry of the disciples: “Master! Do you not care? We are lost!” Jesus gets up. First he faces the sea and says: “Quiet now! Be calm!” And the sea calms down. Then he turns to his disciples and says to them: “Why are you so frightened? Have you still no faith?” The impression one gets is that the sea did not need to be calmed since there was no danger. It is like when one goes to a house and a little dog by the side of the master of the house, barks at the guest. There is no need to be afraid because the master is there to control the situation.
The passage of the calmed storm recalls the exodus, when the crowd, without any fear, crossed the waters of the sea (Ex 14,22). It recalls the prophet Isaiah who said to the crowd: “should you pass through the waters, I shall be with you!” (Is 43:2). Jesus retraces the passage and fulfils it in the prophecy made in the Psalm when it says: “They cried out to Yahweh in their distress, he rescued them from their plight, he reduced the storm to a calm, and all the waters subsided, and he brought them, overjoyed at the stillness, to the port where they were bound!” (Ps 107(106):28-30).

Mark 4:41: The lack of knowledge of the disciples: “Who can this be?”
Jesus calms the sea and says: “Have you still no faith?” The disciples do not know what to say in reply and ask themselves “Who can this be? Even the wind and the sea obey him!” To them Jesus seems to be a stranger! In spite of the long time spent together, they do not really know who he is. Who can this be? With this question occupying their minds, the communities continued to read. And until today, this same question urges us to continue reading the Gospel. This is the desire to know Jesus more and more in our lives.

c) Further information: Who is Jesus?

Names and titles given to Jesus:

Mark begins his Gospel with the words: “The beginning of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, Son of God” (Mk 1:1). At the end, at the time of the death of Jesus, a pagan soldier exclaims: “In truth this man was Son of God!” (Mk 15:39) Thus both at the beginning and the end of the Gospel, Jesus is called Son of God. Between the beginning and the end, many other names are attributed to Jesus, more that twenty! Here is the list of names and titles attributed to Jesus in the Gospel of Mark between the expression Son of God at the beginning (Mk 1:1) and that at the end (Mk 15:39):
* Messiah, Christ (that is, anointed) (Mk 1:1; 8:29; 14:61; 15:32)
* Lord (Mk 1:3; 5:19; 11:3)
* Beloved son (Mk 1:11; 9:7)
* Holy one of God (Mk 1:24)
* Nazarene (Mk 1:24; 10:47; 14:67; 16:6)
* Son of Man (Mk 2:10.28; 8:31.38; 9:9.12.31; 10:33.45; 13:26; 14:21.21.41.62)
* Bridegroom (Mk 2:19)
* Son of God (Mk 3:11)
* Son of the Most High (Mk 5:7)
* Carpenter (Mk 6:3)
* Son of Mary (Mk 6:3)
* Prophet (Mk 6:4.15; 8:28)
* Master (frequently)
* Good Master (Mk 10:17)
* Son of David (Mk 10:47.48; 12:35-37)
* Rabbunì (Mk 10:51)
* Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord (Mk 11:9)
* Rabbi (Mk 11:21)
* Son (Mk 13:32)
* Shepherd (Mk 14:27)
* Son of the Blessed One (Mk 14: 61)
* King of the Jews (Mk 15:2.9.18.26)
* King of Israel (Mk 15:32)

Jesus is greater than any of his titles or names:

Each name, title or attribute is an attempt to express what Jesus meant for some people. But a name, no matter how nice, will never unveil the mystery of a person and much less of the person of Jesus. Besides, some of these names, even the most important and traditional ones are questioned and doubted by Jesus himself. Thus, as we read on the Gospel, Mark constrains us to review our ideas and to ask ourselves each time once more: “In the last analysis, who is Jesus for me, for us?”
i) Some hoped that the Messiah would be the “Holy One of God” (Mk 1:24), that is a High Priest. The devil alludes to this hope, but Jesus orders him to keep silent! (Mk 1:24-25)
ii) Others hoped that the Messiah would be the Son of David. But Jesus himself questions this title: “How can the Scribes maintain that the Christ is the son of David? David himself calls him Lord” (Mk 12:35-37).
iii) Others hoped for a Messiah King. But when Pilate asks Jesus whether he is a king, Jesus neither affirms nor denies, but replies: “It is you who say it” (Mk 15:2). And when he was speaking of kings and rulers he insisted with his disciples: “Among you this is not to happen” (Mk 10:42-43).
iv) The same goes for the title of Messiah. Peter confesses that Jesus is the Messiah. But when Jesus draws the consequences and begins to speak of the cross, Peter will have none of it (Mk 8:31-33). Jesus is the Messiah, but not the kind that Peter imagined.
v) People possessed by evil spirits called Jesus “Son of God” (Mk 3:11) and “Son of the Most High” (Mk 5:7). But Jesus ordered the evil spirits to keep silent and leave the persons possessed (Mk 3:12; 5,8). Before the court, the enemies accuse Jesus and ask: “Are you the Christ, the Son of Blessed One?” He replies: “I am! And you will see the Son of man seated at the right hand of the Power and coming with clouds of heaven” (Mk 14:62). When he has to confirm the name, Jesus does not say that he is the Son of God, but that he is the Son of Man. Is this the same thing? One thing is sure: Jesus is not the Son of God in the way that the evil spirits (Mk 3:11; 5:7) and his enemies imagine (Mk 14:61). Then how is he the Son of God? The question remains an open ended one in the minds of the people, of the disciples and the readers!
Then, who is Jesus? The more we read the Gospel of Mark, the more all titles and criteria fall apart. Jesus is not any of these names, does not fit into any scheme, any title. He is greater than all of these. The more we read, the more we give up the idea of framing Jesus into some preconceived concept and accept him as he presents himself. Love seduces, the head does not! It is better to bow one’s head and adore and not fear when the sea breaks into a storm!

6. Praying with Psalm 107 (106): 21-43

If the waters stir, God will protect us!

Let them thank Yahweh for his faithful love,
for his wonders for the children of Adam!
Let them offer thanksgiving sacrifices,
and recount with shouts of joy what he has done!

Voyagers on the sea in ships,
plying their trade on the great ocean,
have seen the works of Yahweh,
his wonders in the deep.
By his word he raised a storm-wind,
lashing up towering waves.
Up to the sky then down to the depths!
Their stomachs were turned to water;
they staggered and reeled like drunkards,
and all their skill went under.

They cried out to Yahweh in their distress,
he rescued them from their plight,
he reduced the storm to a calm,
and all the waters subsided,
and he brought them, overjoyed at the stillness,
to the port where they were bound.

Let them thank Yahweh for his faithful love,
for his wonders for the children of Adam!
Let them extol him in the assembly of the people,
and praise him in the council of elders.

He has turned rivers into desert,
bubbling springs into arid ground,
fertile country into salt-flats,
because the people living there were evil.
But he has turned desert into stretches of water,
arid ground into bubbling springs,
and has given the hungry a home,
where they have built themselves a city.

There they sow fields and plant vines,
and reap a harvest of their produce.
He blesses them and their numbers increase,
he keeps their cattle at full strength.
Their numbers had fallen, they had grown weak,
under pressure of disaster and hardship;
he covered princes in contempt,
left them to wander in trackless wastes.

But the needy he raises from their misery,
makes their families as numerous as sheep.
At the sight the honest rejoice,
and the wicked have nothing to say.
Who is wise? Such a one should take this to heart,
and come to understand Yahweh's faithful love.

7. Final Prayer

Lord Jesus, we thank for the word that has enabled us to understand better the will of the Father. May your Spirit enlighten our actions and grant us the strength to practice that which your Word has revealed to us. May we, like Mary, your mother, not only listen to but also practice the Word. You who live and reign with the Father in the unity of the Holy Spirit forever and ever. Amen.