Members of Schools & Young People's Commission
P. Raúl Maraví Cabrera (praeses)
P. Paul Cahill (Aus)
P. Miguel Ángel Díaz Moreno (Baet)
P. Carl Markelz (PCM)
P. David Oliver (Arag)
Sig. César Santa María (Peru – laico)
P. Michael Troy (Hib)
First Meeting of the International Commission for Carmelite Schools and Youth
From 26 to 29 June 2008, the new International Commission for Carmelite Schools and Youth held its first meeting in the General Curia house in Rome. Together with the Councillor General Fr. Raúl Maraví, there were representatives from Europe, North and South America and Oceania.
The Prior General, Fr. Fernando Millán Romeral, and the Vice Prior General, Fr. Christian Körner, greeted the members of the Commission. During the meeting various aspects of Carmelite education were discussed, as were the presence of Carmelite laity and the new challenges that we are facing in our school centres today. After exchanging views on a number of topics, the group discussed the preparations for an International Conference on Carmelite Schools, which had been suggested by the 2007 General Chapter. The meeting will be held from 8 to 14 April 2010 in Dublin, Ireland, to coincide with the 150th anniversary of the foundation of the Irish province school, Terenure College. It was also decided to send a questionnaire to all Carmelite schools, which will serve as a basis for the participants’ work in the congress.
The Commission will meet again in 2009 to continue preparations for the International Congress and to promote other events linked to it.
Theology
P. Mark Attard (Mel)
P. Carlo Cicconetti (Ita)
P. Giuseppe Midili (Ita)
P. Conrad Mutizamhepo (Hib – Zim)
P. Christopher O’Donnell (Hib)
P. Aureliano Pacciolla (Neap)
P. Henricus Pidyarto (Indo)
P. Christian Körner (comm. de communicatione)
P. Miguel Norbert Ubarri (comm. de laicatu)
P. Raúl Maravi Cebrera (comm. de disciplinis et iuvenibus)
P. Desiderio Garcia Martinez (comm. de formatione)
Rito Della Benedizione E Imposizione Dello Scapolare Della B.V. Maria Del Monte Carmelo
I - PREMESSE
1. La benedizione dello Scapolare della B. V. Maria del Monte Carmelo si farà preferibilmente durante una celebrazione comunitaria.
2. L’imposizione dello Scapolare comporta l’aggregazione alla Famiglia Carmelitana. Hanno la facoltà di benedire lo Scapolare i sacerdoti e i diaconi; possono inoltre imporlo anche altre persone autorizzate.
3. Per la benedizione e l’imposizione deve essere usato lo Scapolare del Carmine nella sua forma tradizionale (Vedi Norme pratiche, n. 4). Può venir poi sostituito con l’apposita medaglia (Ibidem, n. 5).
4. La benedizione e l’imposizione dello Scapolare avviene secondo i riti e le preghiere che seguono. La forma comune comprende i riti iniziali, la lettura della Parola di Dio e le intercessioni, la preghiera di benedizione e l’imposizione dello Scapolare, i riti finali. Con tutto questo si esprime in maniera compiuta il senso dello Scapolare nella vita dei fedeli che lo ricevono.
5. È necessario che in ambedue le formule sia ben espresso il senso spirituale delle grazie unite allo Scapolare della Madonna del Carmine, nonché gli impegni che si assumono con questo segno di devozione alla Vergine santa.
II - RITO DELLA BENEDIZIONE E IMPOSIZIONE DELLO SCAPOLARE
(forma lunga)
Riti iniziali
6. Riuniti i fedeli, davanti all’altare maggiore o davanti all’immagine della Madonna, il ministro accoglie i fedeli presenti:
Canto iniziale o momento di raccoglimento.
Min.: Nel nome del Padre, e del Figlio e dello Spirito Santo.
R/.: Amen.
Min.: Il Signore sia con voi.
R/.: E con il tuo spirito.
Oppure:
Min.: La grazia del Signore nostro Gesù Cristo nato da Maria vergine, l’amore di Dio Padre e la comunione dello Spirito Santo sia con tutti voi.
R/.: E con il tuo spirito.
7. Il ministro dispone i presenti a partecipare al rito della benedizione e all’imposizione dello Scapolare con le seguenti parole, o altre simili, che indichino la natura di questa celebrazione:
Min.: Durante la vita terrena di Gesù, chi toccava anche solo i lembi del suo mantello veniva guarito. Noi lodiamo il Signore perché nella sua Chiesa continua ad usare i mezzi più umili per mostrarci la sua immensa misericordia. Anche noi possiamo servircene per glorificare il Signore, esprimere il nostro desiderio di servirlo e rinnovare il nostro impegno di fedeltà, assunto con la consacrazione battesimale, per tutta la nostra vita.
Questo Scapolare del Carmine è un “segno” (Pio XII nella Lettera “Neminem profecto latet” lo ha chiamato memoriale) dell’amore materno della vergine Maria, che ricorda l’iniziativa di lei in favore dei membri della Famiglia Carmelitana, particolarmente nei momenti di maggior bisogno. E un amore che sollecita una risposta all’amore.
Questo Scapolare è segno della comunione con l’Ordine dei Fratelli della Beata Vergine Maria del Monte Carmelo dedicato al servizio della Madonna per il bene di tutta la Chiesa. Con esso voi esprimete il desiderio di partecipare allo spirito e alla vita dell’Ordine.
Lo Scapolare è uno specchio dell’umiltà e della castità di Maria: per la sua semplicità ci invita a vivere con modestia e purezza. Portandolo giorno e notte, esso diventa segno della nostra continua preghiera e di particolare dedizione all’amore e al servizio della Vergine Maria.
Indossando lo Scapolare rinnovate il vostro impegno battesimale di rivestirvi di nostro Signore Gesù Cristo. In Maria sarà custodita la vostra speranza di salvezza, perché in Lei il Dio della Vita ha posto la sua dimora.
Lettura della Parola di Dio
8. Uno dei presenti, o lo stesso celebrante, proclama un testo della Sacra Scrittura. Quelli indicati di seguito hanno un riferimento speciale al mistero della salvezza o alla devozione alla Vergine santa.
Si può scegliere tra uno dei seguenti:
a) Dall’Antico Testamento:
Pr 8,17-21. Io amo quelli che mi amano.
Is 61,10-11. Mi ha rivestito di un manto di giustizia.
2Re 2,7-13. Il mantello di Elia cade su Eliseo.
Bar 5, 1-5. Rivestitevi della bellezza di Dio.
Ez 16,8-14. La tua bellezza era perfetta.
b) Dal Nuovo Testamento:
Mc 5,25-34. La donna toccò la veste di Gesù e fu guarita.
Lc 2,4-8. Maria avvolse in fasce il suo Primogenito.
Rm 2,1-2. E questo il vostro culto spirituale.
Gal 4,4-7. Dio ha mandato suo Figlio nato da donna.
Ef 4, 17,20-24. Rivestitevi dell’uomo nuovo.
Ef 6,10-17. Prendete forza dal Signore.
9. Breve esortazione.
Terminata la lettura, il ministro rivolge alcune parole ai presenti per illustrare il senso della
celebrazione, le grazie e gli impegni che derivano dallo Scapolare, alla luce della Parola di Dio.
Segue un momento di silenzio.
Intercessioni
10. Segue la preghiera comune o universale. Qui vengono proposte alcune intenzioni. Si può scegliere tra le più convenienti o aggiungerne altre maggiormente adatte alle circostanze.
Min.: Care sorelle, cari fratelli: noi godiamo del patrocinio della Vergine Maria, Madre di Dio. Nel suo seno il Verbo di Dio ha rivestito la nostra mortalità prendendo la nostra carne. Preghiamo il Padre perché possiamo rispecchiare nella nostra vita Gesù nostro fratello per la potenza dello Spirito Santo e diciamo:
R/.: Donaci, Signore, di rivestirci di Gesù Cristo.
Padre santo, che hai rivestito il tuo Figlio della nostra carne umana per renderci partecipi della tua vita divina,
- per intercessione della Vergine Maria, sua perfetta discepola, fa’ che siamo rivestiti della sua divinità.
Padre Santo, che hai voluto che tuo Figlio fosse simile a noi, eccetto nel peccato, perché seguendo le sue orme fossimo in tutto conformi alla sua immagine,
- per intercessione della Vergine Maria fa’ che imitiamo Cristo e ti siamo graditi in tutte le nostre opere.
Padre Santo, che ci chiami al banchetto della grazia, rivestiti con l’abito nuziale, per rivelarci il tuo amore,
- per intercessione della Vergine Maria, rivestirci della sua carità operosa e del suo amoroso servizio.
Padre Santo, che hai rivestito di sole Maria, e in lei hai scacciato la testa del serpente,
- per intercessione della Vergine fa’ che siamo capaci di superare le insidie del maligno nella nostra vita e nel mondo in cui viviamo.
Padre Santo, che hai scelto Maria come figlia della Nuova Alleanza,
- per intercessione di Maria, Vergine del Cuore Nuovo, purifica i nostri cuori, e fortifica la nostra fede.
Padre Santo, che hai guardato l’umiltà della tua Serva, e nella sua bocca hai proclamato la potenza del tuo braccio,
- per intercessione di Maria, fa’ che siamo profeti del tuo Regno, che proclamano la tua misericordia per ogni generazione.
Padre Santo, hai dato al tuo Figlio una madre che lo avvolse nelle fasce,
- per intercessione della Vergine Madre, fa’ che amiamo i poveri e gli emarginati, e siamo uniti con loro per costruire un mondo più giusto e fraterno.
Padre Santo, che ci hai avvolti con il manto della giustizia e della santità,
- per intercessione della Vergine Maria santificaci in Cristo e rendici cooperatori generosi nell’opera di salvezza di questo mondo.
Padre Santo che ci hai benedetti con ogni benedizione spirituale in Cristo,
- per intercessione della Vergine Maria, fa’ che passiamo facilmente dalla morte alla vita.
Preghiera di benedizione
11. Il ministro con le braccia allargate, pronuncia questa preghiera di benedizione:
Min.: O Dio, autore e perfezionatore della santità che chiami alla pienezza della vita cristiana e alla perfezione della carità coloro che hai fatto nascere dall’acqua e dallo Spirito Santo, guarda con benevolenza coloro che stanno per ricevere devotamente lo Scapolare del Carmine che porteranno diligentemente come segno della loro offerta alla Vergine Maria del Monte Carmelo. Fa’ che lasciandosi amare dalla Vergine tenerissima, siano conformi all’immagine del tuo Figlio Gesù Cristo, e dopo aver percorso felicemente il cammino della vita, possano entrare nella gioia della tua casa.
Per Cristo nostro Signore.
R/.: Amen.
Segue l’aspersione con l’acqua benedetta.
Imposizione dello Scapolare
12. Il ministro impone quindi lo Scapolare a ciascun fedele che lo ha richiesto e dice:
Min.: Ricevi questo Scapolare (col quale entri nella Confraternita della famiglia della Beata Vergine Maria del Monte Carmelo). Fiducioso dell’amore preveniente di così grande Madre, dedicati alla sua imitazione e alla sua intimità.
Porta questo simbolo come ricordo della presenza di Maria nell’impegno quotidiano di rivestirti interiormente di Gesù Cristo di manifestarlo vivente in te per il bene della Chiesa e di tutta l’umanità e a gloria della Santissima Trinità.
R/.: Amen.
13. Se necessario, il ministro può dire una volta per tutti, a voce alta, la formula dell’imposizione dello Scapolare. Tutti rispondono insieme ‘Amen’ e si accostano al ministro per ricevere lo Scapolare.
14. Terminata l’imposizione, il ministro rivolge a tutti queste parole:
Min.: Ricevendo questo Scapolare siete stati accolti nella Famiglia del Carmelo, consacrata in special modo all’imitazione e al servizio della Vergine Madre di Dio, perché possiate vivere per Cristo e la sua Chiesa con il medesimo spirito contemplativo e apostolico dell’Ordine del Carmelo. E perché possiate conseguire perfettamente questo ideale, con le facoltà che mi sono concesse, io vi ammetto alla partecipazione di tutti i beni spirituali dell’Ordine del Carmelo.
15. Dopo aver spiegato brevemente e con chiarezza gli impegni e gli obblighi che comporta l’ammissione alla famiglia del Carmine in forma istituzionale, il ministro conclude il rito con una solenne benedizione.
Conclusione del rito
16. Il ministro stendendo le mani sui presenti:
Min.: Il Padre vi inondi del suo amore misericordioso donatoci in Cristo Gesù figlio della Vergine Maria.
R/.: Amen.
Min.: Gesù Cristo vi faccia partecipi dell’amore del Padre nel calore materno della Vergine del Carmelo sì che diventiate operatori di ogni bene.
R/.: Amen.
Min.: Lo Spirito che vi ha ispirato di porvi sotto il manto di Maria, vi faccia apostoli nel cammino della pace e della giustizia.
R/.: Amen.
Min.: E la benedizione di Dio onnipotente Padre e Figlio e Spirito Santo discenda su di voi e con voi rimanga sempre.
R/.: Amen.
oppure:
Min.: Il Signore ci benedica, ci preservi da ogni male e ci conduca alla vita eterna.
R/.: Amen.
17. La celebrazione può terminare con un canto mariano adatto, come ad esempio, Flos Carmeli, Salve Regina, Sub tuum praesidium.
III. RITO ALTERNATIVO PER LA BENEDIZIONE E IMPOSIZIONE DELLO SCAPOLARE
(forma breve)
Riti iniziali
18. Riuniti i fedeli davanti ad un’immagine della Madonna, il ministro si rivolge a coloro che devono ricevere lo Scapolare, invitandoli a partecipare degnamente alla celebrazione.
Min.: Nel nome del Padre, e del Figlio e dello Spirito Santo.
R/.: Amen.
Min.: La grazia del Signore nostro Gesù Cristo nato da Maria vergine, l’amore di Dio Padre e la comunione dello Spirito Santo sia con tutti voi.
R/.: E con il tuo spirito.
19. Il ministro espone brevemente il significato della benedizione e dell’imposizione dello Scapolare.
Lettura della Parola di Dio
20. Si può proclamare un testo breve della Parola di Dio, come per esempio:
a) Dall’Antico Testamento:
Pr 8,1 7-21. lo amo quelli che mi amano.
Is 61,10-11. Mi ha rivestito di un manto di giustizia.
2 Re 2,7-13. Il mantello di Elia cade su Eliseo.
Bar 5, 1-5. Rivestitevi della bellezza di Dio.
Ez 16,8-14. La tua bellezza era perfetta.
b) Dal Nuovo Testamento:
Mc 5,25-34. La donna toccò la veste di Gesù e fu guarita.
Lc 2,4-8. Maria avvolse in fasce il suo Primogenito.
Rm 2,1-2. E questo il vostro culto spirituale.
Gal 4,4-7. Dio ha mandato suo Figlio nato da donna.
Ef 4, 17, 20-24. Rivestitevi dell’uomo nuovo.
Ef 6,10-17. Prendete forza dal Signore.
Intercessioni
21. Segue la preghiera comune o universale.
Min.: Preghiamo Dio nostro Padre per intercessione della Vergine Maria:
R/.: Ti preghiamo, ascoltaci!
- Perché coloro che indossano lo Scapolare siano rivestiti di Cristo con la grazia dello Spirito Santo.
- Perché coloro che indossano lo Scapolare vivano il loro impegno battesimale di rivestirsi di Cristo.
- Perché coloro che indossano lo Scapolare siano fortificati nella fede, nella speranza e nella carità.
- Perché coloro che indossano lo Scapolare siano membra vive nella Famiglia del Carmelo con le loro preghiere, i sacrifici e le buone opere.
- Perché coloro che indossano lo Scapolare siano una continuazione dell’amore che Gesù portò alla Madre sua.
- Perché coloro che indossano lo Scapolare si rivestano delle virtù della Vergine purissima, sappiano ascoltare la Parola di Dio e viverla ogni giorno.
- Perché coloro che indossano lo Scapolare, per intercessione di Maria, siano illuminati nella contemplazione, gioiosi nella fraternità e zelanti nel servizio agli altri.
- Perché coloro che indossano lo Scapolare vivano in modo da essere pronti ad entrare
nell’assemblea dei Santi, con Maria santissima, rivestiti della veste nuziale.
Preghiera di benedizione
22. Il ministro, con le mani distese, prega così:
Min.: Padre santo, che prediligi ed aumenti la carità, hai voluto che il Tuo Figlio Unigenito Gesù Cristo prendesse la nostra carne umana nel seno della Vergine Maria per opera dello Spirito Santo; concedi a questo tuo figlio (questa tua figlia) che sta per indossare con devozione lo Scapolare della famiglia della Beata Vergine Maria del Monte Carmelo la grazia di rivestirsi del Signore Gesù in tutte le circostanze di questa vita e raggiungere così la gloria eterna. Per Cristo nostro Signore.
R/.: Amen.
Segue l’aspersione con l’acqua benedetta.
Imposizione dello Scapolare
23. Il ministro impone quindi lo Scapolare, dicendo:
Min.: Ricevi questo Scapolare col quale entri a far parte della famiglia dei Fratelli della Beata Vergine Maria del Monte Carmelo; portalo come segno della protezione materna della Vergine e del tuo impegno nell’imitarla e nel servirla. Ti aiuti la Madre di Dio a rivestirti di Cristo. Egli vive in te per rendere gloria alla Trinità e cooperare nella Chiesa al bene dei fratelli.
R/.: Amen.
24. Il ministro annuncia l’aggregazione alla famiglia carmelitana in forma istituzionale con queste o con altre parole:
Min.: Per la facoltà che mi è stata concessa ti ammetto alla partecipazione di tutti i beni spirituali dell’Ordine del Carmelo.
Il ministro spiega gli obblighi e gli impegni che derivano dall’indossare lo Scapolare e conclude con il rito di benedizione.
Conclusione del rito
25. Il ministro benedice con la formula breve:
Min.: La benedizione di Dio onnipotente, Padre e Figlio e Spirito Santo, discenda su di voi e con voi rimanga sempre.
R/.: Amen.
oppure:
Min.: Il Signore ci benedica, ci preservi da ogni male e ci conduca alla vita eterna.
R/.: Amen.
A Sign of Christian Faith and Commitment
Signs in Ordinary Human Life
There are also, in every day life, experiences of relationships between human beings, express and symbolize deeper meanings such as sharing a meal (as a sign of friendship), taking part in a protest march (as a sign of solidarity), joining together in a national celebration (as a sign of our identity).
Signs in Christian Life
In the celebration of the Eucharist and the other sacraments (baptism, confirmation, reconciliation, matrimony, orders, the sacrament of the sick) the symbols (water, oil, the laying on of hands, the rings), all have their own meaning and bring us into communication with God, present in each of them.
As well as liturgical signs, the Church has others related to some event, to some tradition, or some person. One of these is the Brown Scapular of Our Lady of Mount Carmel.
The Scapular is a Sign of Mary
The word "scapular" indicates a form of clothing which monks wore when they were working. With the passage of time, people began to give symbolic meaning to it: the cross to be borne every day as disciples and followers of Christ. In some Religious Orders, such as the Carmelites, the Scapular turned into a sign of their way of life. The Scapular came to symbolize the special dedication of Carmelites to Mary, the Mother of God, and to express trust in her motherly protection as well as the desire to be like her in her commitment to Christ and to others. Thus it became a sign of Mary.
From Religious Orders to the People of God
The Spiritual Meaning of the Scapular
It stands for a commitment to follow Jesus, like Mary, the perfect model of all the disciples of Christ. This commitment finds its origin in baptism by which we become children of God.
The Blessed Virgin teaches us:
- to be open to God, and to His will, shown to us in the events of our lives;
- to listen to the Word of God in the Bible and in life, to believe in it and to put into practice its demands;
- to pray at all times, as a way of discovering the presence of God in all that is happening around us;
- to be involved with people, being attentive to their needs.
It leads us into the community of Carmel, a community of religious men and women, which has existed in the Church for over eight centuries. It calls on us to live out the ideal of this religious family: intimate friendship with God in prayer.
It reminds us of the example of the saints of Carmel, with whom we establish a close bond as brothers and sisters to one another.
It is an expression of our belief that we will meet God in eternal life, aided by the intercession and prayer of Mary.
Some practical rules
People are enroled in the Brown Scapular only once, by a priest or authorized person.
The Scapular can be replaced afterwards by a medal which has on one side the image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and on the other, the image of Mary.
The Scapular holds us to live as authentic Christians in line with the teaching of the Gospel, to receive the sacraments, to profess our special devotion to the Blessed Virgin, which should be expressed each day - for example, by praying the Hail Mary, prayerful reading of the Scriptures, service to someone in need.
Short Form for Giving the Scapular
The Brown Scapular is not
a magical charm to protect you
an automatic guarantee of salvation
an excuse for not living up to the demands of the Christian life
The Brown Scapular is a sign which
has been approved by the Church for over seven centuries
stands for the decision to follow Jesus like Mary:
- open to God and to God's will
- guided by faith, hope and love
- close to the needs of people
- praying at all times
- discovering God present in all that happens around us
introduces people into the Family of Carmel
Lo scapolare marrone
"Lo scapolare è segno dell’amore materno, permanente e stabile, di Maria verso i suoi fratelli e le sorelle carmelitani. Nel seguire la sua tradizione, soprattutto a partire dal secolo XVI, il Carmelo esprime la vicinanza amorosa di Maria al popolo di Dio mediante la devozione dello scapolare: segno di consacrazione a Lei, veicolo dell’aggregazione dei fedeli all’Ordine, e mediazione popolare ed efficace di evangelizzazione." (Costituzioni Carmelitane No. 27)
Segni nella vita quotidiana
Il mondo in cui viviamo è pieno di enti materiali che hanno un significato simbolico: luce, fuoco, acqua…
Nella nostra vita quotidiana vi sono, inoltre, esperienze di relazioni tra esseri umani che esprimono e simbolizzano significati più profondi, come ad esempio condividere un pasto (come segno di amicizia), prendere parte a una marcia di protesta (come segno di solidarietà), riunirsi in occasione di una festa nazionale (come segno di identità). Tutti noi abbiamo bisogno di segni e simboli che ci facciano capire cosa sta succedendo nel tempo presente, o cosa è successo nel passato, e che ci diano una consapevolezza di chi siamo, sia come individui che come gruppi di persone.
Segni nella vita cristiana
Gesù è il grande segno e dono dell’amore del Padre. Egli ha fondato la Chiesa come segno e strumento del Suo amore. La vita cristiana stessa ha dei segni propri. Gesù utilizza pane, vino e acqua per aiutarci a capire concetti più alti che noi non possiamo cogliere o comprendere. Nel celebrare l’eucarestia e gli altri sacramenti (battesimo, confermazione, riconciliazione, matrimonio, ordine sacro, unzione degli infermi) i vari simboli (acqua, olio, imposizione delle mani, anelli) hanno ciascuno il loro specifico significato e ci mettono in comunicazione con Dio, il quale è presente in ciascuno di essi. Così come vi sono segni liturgici, la Chiesa ne ha anche altri legati a eventi, tradizioni, o addirittura a personalità specifiche. Uno di questi è lo scapolare marrone della Beata Vergine Maria del Monte Carmelo.
Lo scapolare è un segno di Maria
Lo scapolare marrone della Beata Vergine Maria del Monte Carmelo è uno dei segni della Chiesa da ormai molti secoli. È un segno approvato dalla Chiesa e accettato dall’ordine carmelitano in quanto segno esteriore dell’amore per Maria, della fiducia che i suoi figli hanno in lei e dell’impegno a vivere una vita ispirandosi a lei.
La parola “scapolare” indica un capo di tessuto che i monaci indossavano durante il loro lavoro. Con il trascorrere del tempo si è cominciato a dargli un significato simbolico, cioè la croce che deve essere portata ogni giorno in quanto discepoli e seguaci di Gesù. In alcuni ordini religiosi, così come nei carmelitani, lo scapolare si è trasformato poi in un segno del loro stesso stile di vita. Lo scapolare giunge a simbolizzare la speciale dedizione che i carmelitani hanno per Maria, Madre di Dio, e la fiducia nella sua protezione materna, così come anche il desiderio di essere come lei nel suo impegno per Cristo e verso gli altri. Per questo esso divenne un segno di Maria.
Dagli ordini religiosi al popolo di Dio
Durante il medioevo molti cristiani vollero essere associati con gli ordini fondati in quel tempo: francescani, domenicani, agostiniani e carmelitani. Gruppi di laici cominciarono a riunirsi in forma associativa, come per esempio in confraternite e sodalizi. Tutti questi ordini religiosi vollero dare a questi gruppi di laici un segno della loro affiliazione e partecipazione allo spirito e all’apostolato dell’ordine. Tale segno era spesso una parte dello stesso abito dell’ordine: una cappa, un cordone, uno scapolare. Per quanto riguarda i carmelitani, a un certo punto una versione più piccola dello scapolare fu accettata come segno di appartenenza all’ordine e come espressione della sua spiritualità.
Il significato spirituale dello scapolare
Lo scapolare fonda le sue radici nella tradizione dell’ordine, il quale ha visto in esso un segno della protezione materna di Maria. Per questo esso riveste un vasto significato spirituale ormai secolare, approvato dalla Chiesa Cattolica:
- Esso significa l’impegno della sequela di Gesù sull’esempio di Maria, modello perfetto per tutti i discepoli di Cristo. Questo impegno trova la sua origine nel battesimo, nel quale noi diventiamo figli di Dio.
- La Beata Vergine Maria ci insegna a:
- aprirci a Dio e alla sua volontà, che si disvela negli eventi delle nostre vite
- ad ascoltare la Parola di Dio nella Bibbia e nella vita, a credere in essa e mettere in pratica ciò che essa richiede
- a pregare costantemente, in quanto via per scoprire la presenza di Dio in tutto ciò che accade intorno a noi
- ad essere attenti e proattivi con chi ci circonda e ai loro bisogni
- Esso ci guida nella comunità del Carmelo, una comunità di uomini e donne religiosi, che è esistita nella Chiesa per più di otto secoli. Lo scapolare ci richiama a vivere l’ideale di questa famiglia religiosa: una intima amicizia con Dio in preghiera.
- Ci ricorda inoltre l’esempio dei santi del Carmelo, con i quali formiamo un forte legame di fratelli e sorelle nella famiglia carmelitana
- È inoltre espressione del nostro credere che incontreremo Dio nella vita eterna, sostenuti dall’intercessione e dalla preghiera di Maria.
Alcune indicazioni pratiche
Gli individui che si decidono a farsi imporre lo scapolare marrone lo facciano una volta sola, autorizzati da un sacerdote o da un individuo autorizzato.
Lo scapolare può essere successivamente sostituito da una medaglietta recante da un lato l’immagine del Sacro Cuore di Gesù, e dall’altro l’immagine di Maria.
Lo scapolare ci chiama a vivere autenticamente il nostro essere cristiani secondo gli insegnamenti del Vangelo, a ricevere i sacramenti, a professare la nostra speciale devozione alla Beata Vergine Maria, devozione che dovrebbe esser vissuta quotidianamente – per esempio, attraverso la preghiera dell’Ave Maria, una lettura orante delle Scritture, oppure servendo i bisognosi.
Breve forma di imposizione dello scapolare
Ricevi questo Scapolare segno di una relazione speciale con Maria, la Madre di Gesù, che ti impegni ad imitare. Questo Scapolare ti ricordi la tua dignità di cristiano, la tua dedizione al servizio del prossimo e all' imitazione di Maria. Portalo come segno della sua protezione e come segno della tua appartenenza alla famiglia del Carmelo. Sii disposto a compiere la volontà di Dio e ad impegnarti nel lavoro per la costruzione di un mondo che risponda al piano di fraternità, giustizia e pace di Cristo.
Lo scapolare marrone non è
- un talismano protettivo
- una garanzia di salvezza eterna
- una scusa per non vivere all’altezza dell’impegno di essere autenticamente cristiani
Lo scapolare marrone è un segno che
- è stato approvato dalla Chiesa per oltre sette secoli
- afferma la decisione di seguire Gesù sull’esempio di Maria:
- aprendosi a Dio e alla sua volontà
- guidati da fede, speranza e carità
- essendo vicini ai bisogni del prossimo
- pregando costantemente
- scoprendo la presenza di Dio in tutto ciò che ci circonda
- è segno di ingresso e partecipazione nella famiglia carmelitana
- mira a una rinnovata speranza di incontrare Dio nella vita eterna, con l’aiuto della protezione e intercessione di Maria
Lectio Divina: Matthew 5:33-37
Ordinary Time
1) Opening prayer
God of wisdom and love,
source of all good,
send Your Spirit to teach us Your truth
and guide our actions
in Your way of peace.
We ask this through our Lord Jesus Christ, Your Son,
who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit,
one God, for ever and ever. Amen.
2) Gospel Reading - Matthew 5:33-37
Jesus said to his disciples: "You have heard that it was said to your ancestors, Do not take a false oath, but make good to the Lord all that you vow. But I say to you, do not swear at all; not by heaven, for it is God's throne; nor by the earth, for it is his footstool; nor by Jerusalem, for it is the city of the great King. Do not swear by your head, for you cannot make a single hair white or black. Let your 'Yes' mean 'Yes,' and your 'No' mean 'No.' Anything more is from the Evil One."
3) Reflection
• In today’s Gospel, Jesus rereads the commandment: “Do not commit perjury.” And here also He surpasses the letter, concerning the spirit of the law, and seeks to indicate the ultimate goal of this commandment: to attain total transparency in relationships among people. Here we can apply what we said concerning the two commandments “Do not kill” and “Do not commit adultery.” It is a question of a new way of interpreting and setting into practice the law of Moses, starting from the new experience of God the Father which Jesus has brought to us. He rereads the law beginning with the intention that God had in proclaiming it centuries ago on Mount Sinai.
• Matthew 5:33: It was said to our ancestors: you must not swear. The Law of the Old Testament said, “Do not commit perjury” and it added that the person should swear for the Lord. In the Psalms it is said that “one can go up to the Mountain of Yahweh and reach the holy place, if he has innocent hands and a pure heart, and does not confide in idols, nor swear in order to deceive”(Ps 24:4). The same thing is said in other parts of the Old Testament (Eccl 5:3-4), because one must be able to trust the words of others. In order to promote this reciprocal trust, tradition had invented the help of the oath. In order to strengthen one’s own word, the person would swear on someone or on something which was greater than he and who could punish him if he did not do what he had promised. Things continue to be like this up to the present time. Whether in the Church or in society, there are some moments and occasions which demand a solemn oath from people. In the final analysis, the oath is the expression of the conviction that nobody can completely trust the word of another.
• Matthew 5:34-36: But I say to you: do not swear. Jesus wants to heal this defect. It is not enough “not to swear.” He goes beyond and affirms: “But I say to you: do not swear at all: either by heaven, since that is God’s throne; or by earth, since that is His footstool, or by Jerusalem, since that is the city of the great King. Do not swear by your own head either, since you cannot turn a single hair white or black. All you need to say is ‘Yes’ if you mean yes, and ‘No’ if you mean no. Anything more than this comes from the Evil One.”
They would swear on heaven and on earth, on the city of Jerusalem, on their own head. Jesus shows that all that does not cure the pain and suffering from the lack of transparency and trust among people. What is the solution which He proposes?
• Matthew 5:37: Let your speech be yes, yes; no, no. The solution which God proposes is the following: Let your speech be yes, yes; no, no; anything more than this comes from the Evil One. He proposes a radical and total honesty. Nothing more. Anything more that you say comes from the Evil One. Here again, we are confronted with an objective which will always remain in our mind and which we will never succeed in fulfilling completely. It is another expression of the new ideal of justice which Jesus proposes: “to be perfect like the Heavenly Father is perfect” (Mt 5:48). Jesus uproots any attempt to create the conviction that I am saved because I observe the law. Nobody can merit God’s grace, because otherwise it would not be a grace. We observe the Law, not in order to merit salvation, but in order to thank with all our heart for the immense gratuitous goodness of God, who accepts us and saves us without any merit on our part.
4) Personal questions
• How honest is my speech? How honest am I with myself as I answer that?
• Is Jesus addressing intent in this instruction, to be trustworthy without external aids?
• Or is He addressing the hypocrisy of having one truth when speaking and another when under oath?
• Or is He giving instructions to not do a physical act, as one might be asked to do in a modern courtroom?
5) Concluding Prayer
I bless Yahweh who is my counselor,
even at night my heart instructs me.
I keep Yahweh before me always,
for with Him at my right hand, nothing can shake me.
(Ps 16:7-8)
Lectio Divina: Christ the King (C)
Jesus the King of the Jews
A King different from the kings of the earth
Luke 23:35-43
Opening prayer
Holy One, God of the mountain,
You who make of our fragile life
the rock of Your dwelling place,
lead our mind
to strike the rock of the desert,
so that water may gush to quench our thirst.
May the poverty of our feelings
cover us as with a mantle in the darkness of the night
and may it open our heart to hear the echo of silence
until the dawn,
wrapping us with the light of the new morning,
may bring us,
with the spent embers of the fire of the shepherds of the Absolute
who have kept vigil for us close to the divine Master,
the flavor of the holy memory.
1. LECTIO
a) The text :
The rulers sneered at Jesus and said, "He saved others, let him save himself if he is the chosen one, the Christ of God." Even the soldiers jeered at him. As they approached to offer him wine they called out, "If you are King of the Jews, save yourself." Above him there was an inscription that read, "This is the King of the Jews." Now one of the criminals hanging there reviled Jesus, saying, "Are you not the Christ? Save yourself and us." The other, however, rebuking him, said in reply, "Have you no fear of God, for you are subject to the same condemnation? And indeed, we have been condemned justly, for the sentence we received corresponds to our crimes, but this man has done nothing criminal." Then he said, "Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom." He replied to him, "Amen, I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise."
b) A moment of silence:
Let us allow the voice of the Word to resonate within us.
2) MEDITATIO
a) Questions:
- The people stayed there watching. Why do you never take a stand concerning the events? Everything that you have lived, listened to, seen… you cannot just throw it away only because an obstacle seems to make it difficult! Move, do something!
“If You are the King of the Jews, save Yourself”. How many attempts and threats do we make with God in prayer? If You are God why do You not intervene? There are so many innocent people who suffer. If You love me, do what I tell You and I will believe You… When will you ever stop dealing with the Lord as if you knew more than He what is good and what is not?
Jesus, remember me. When will you see in Christ the only TODAY who gives you life?
b) Key for the reading:
Solemnity of Christ, King of the Universe. We would expect a passage of the Gospel of those which are more luminous, and instead we find ourselves before one of the darkest passages… The amazement of the unexpected is the most suitable sentiment to enter into the heart of today’s feast, the amazement of the one who knows that he cannot understand the infinite mystery of the Son of God.
v. 35. The people stayed there watching, as for the leaders, they jeered at Him with these words: “He saved others, let Him save Himself if He is the Christ of God, the Chosen One.” Around the Cross are gathered together many of those who have met Jesus during the three years of His public life. And, here, before a Word nailed on the wood, are revealed the secrets of the heart. The people who had listened to and followed the Rabbi of Galilee, who had seen miracles and wonders, are there watching: the perplexity on the faces, thousands of questions in the heart, the disillusionment and the perception that everything ends like this! The leaders go through all that has happened while they say the truth concerning the person of Jesus: the Christ of God, the Chosen One. They ignore God’s logic even if they are faithful observers of the Hebrew law. That very despicable invitation: Let Him save Himself… indicates the hidden purpose of their actions: salvation is won by oneself by the observance of the commandments of God.
vv. 36-37. The soldiers mocked Him too, coming up to Him, offering Him vinegar, and saying, “If You are the King of the Jews, save Yourself”. The soldiers, who have nothing to lose in the religious field, get fierce against Him. What do they have in common with that man? What have they received from Him? Nothing. The possibility to exercise, even if for a short time, power over someone cannot be allowed to fall! The power of possession is intertwined with evil and they claim the right of derision. The other one, defenseless, becomes the object of their enjoyment.
v. 38. Above Him was an inscription: This is the King of the Jews. Truly, a mockery of their own guilt: Jesus is guilty for being the King of the Jews, a guilt which in reality is no guilt. In spite of what the leaders had intended, in all their ways, to crush the royalty of Christ, the truth is written by itself: This is the King of the Jews! This one, not any other! It is a royalty which goes across the centuries and asks those going by to stop and fix their thought on the novelty of the Gospel. Man needs someone to govern him, and this someone can be only a man crucified out of love, capable to stand on the wood of condemnation so as to be found alive at the dawn of the eighth day: A King without a scepter, a King capable of being considered by all a criminal but without rejecting His love for man.
v. 39. One of the criminals hanging there abused Him: Are You not the Christ? Save Yourself and us as well!” One can be on the cross for various reasons just as one can be with Christ for various reasons. Being near to the cross divides or unites. One of the two who were near Christ insults, provokes, ridicules or derides. The objective is always the same: Save yourself and us as well! Salvation is invoked as a flight from the cross. A sterile salvation, deprived of life, already dead in itself. Jesus is nailed to the cross, this criminal is hung on the cross. Jesus has become one same thing with the wood, because the cross is for Him the scroll of the book which unfolds to narrate the wonders of the divine life which is surrendered, given without any conditions. The other one is hung as a fruit, rotten by evil and ready to be thrown away.
v. 40. But the other spoke up and rebuked him: “Have you no fear of God at all? You got the same sentence as He did.” The other one, being close to Jesus, acquires again the holy fear and makes a judgment. Can the one who lives next to Jesus reproach one who is there, two steps away from life and does not see it, and continues to waste it to the end? Everything has a limit, and in this case the limit is not fixed by Christ who is there, but by His companion. Christ does not respond; the other one responds in His place, recognizing his responsibility and helping the other one to read the present moment as an opportunity for salvation.
v. 41. “In our case, we deserve it. We are paying for what we did. But this man has done nothing wrong”. Evil leads to the cross, the serpent had guided to the forbidden fruit hanging on the tree. But which cross: the cross of one’s own “reward” or the cross of the good fruit? Christ is the fruit which every man or woman can get from the tree of life, which is in the middle of the garden of the world, the just one who has never done any evil except love until ad finem.
v. 42. And then he said: “Jesus, remember me when You come into Your kingdom”. It is a life which is fulfilled and is enclosed in an invocation incredibly dense in significance. A man, a sinner, conscious of his own sin and of the just condemnation, accepts the mystery of the cross. At the feet of that throne of glory he asks to be remembered in the Kingdom of Christ. He sees an innocent who is crucified and he recognizes and sees beyond what appears exteriorly, the life of the eternal Kingdom. What an acknowledgement! The eyes of the one who has known, in one instant, to get the life which was passing by and which was proclaiming a message of salvation even if in a shocking way. That culprit, criminal deserving death, insulted and ridiculed by all those who had had the possibility of knowing Him closely and for a long time, receives His first subject, the first one He wins over. The scripture says, damned is the one hanging on the wood. The damned innocent becomes blessing for the one who deserved condemnation. A political and earthly tribunal, that of Pilate, a divine tribunal, that of the cross, where the one condemned is saved in virtue of the consuming love of the innocent Lamb.
v. 43. He answered him: “In truth I tell you, today you will be with Me in paradise”. Today: the only word which bursts into the new life of the Gospel. Salvation has been accomplished; it is no longer necessary to wait for any Messiah to save the people from their sins. Today, salvation is here, on the cross. Christ does not enter into His Kingdom alone. He takes with Him the first one who has been saved: the same humanity, the same judgment, the same luck, the same victory. Jesus is not jealous of His filial prerogatives, immediately He has pulled away from the distance separating Him from the Father and from the death which could not escape nor had a way out. Wonderful the kingdom which was inaugurated on Golgotha. Someone has said that the good thief committed the last robbery of his life; he robbed salvation. And so it is, for those who move with the things of God! How much truth, instead, in contemplating the gift which Christ gives to His companion of the cross. No robbery, no theft! All is a gift: the presence of God is not bargained or traded! Faith is what opens the door of the Kingdom to the good thief. Good because he knew how to name justly what his existence had been and saw the Savior in Christ. Was the other one evil? Neither more nor less than the other one perhaps, but he remained beyond faith: he was looking for the strong and powerful God, the powerful God in battle, a God who places things in their place and he did not know how to recognize him in the eyes of Christ, he stopped at his powerlessness.
c) Reflection
Christ dies on the Cross. He is not alone. He is surrounded by the people, by the strangest persons, the hostile ones who throw on Him their responsibility of lack of understanding, the indifferent ones who do not get involved except for personal interest, those who do not understand as yet but who, perhaps, are better disposed to allow themselves to be questioned, since they think they have nothing to lose, like one of the two criminals. If death is to fall into nothingness, then human time becomes anguish. If, instead, it is to wait for the light, then human time becomes hope, and the space of the finite opens a passage to tomorrow, to the new dawn of the Resurrection. I am the way, the truth and the life. How true are these words, the words of Jesus, words which enlighten the darkness of death. The way does not stop, the truth is not turned off. Life does not die. In those words “I AM” is enclosed the royalty of Christ. We journey toward a goal, and to attain it cannot mean to lose it… I am the way… We live from truth, and truth is not an object, but something which exists: “Truth is the splendor of reality – says Simon Weil – and to desire truth is to desire a direct contact with reality in order to love it”. “I am the truth… Nobody wants to die, we feel deprived of something which belongs to us: life, and then, if life does not form part of us, it can not hold us to itself… I am the life… Jesus has said it: “He who wants to save his life, will lose it, but the one who loses his life for Me, will find it”. Is there some contradiction in the terms or rather secrets hidden to be revealed? Do we remove the veil from what we see in order to enjoy what we do not see? Christ on the cross is the object of everybody’s attention. Many think of Him or are even at His side. But this is not sufficient. The closeness which saves is not that of those who are there to deride or to mock. The closeness which saves is that of the one who humbly asks to be remembered not in the fleeing time but in the eternal Kingdom.
3. ORATIO
Psalm 145
I shall praise You to the heights, God my King,
I shall bless Your name for ever and ever.
Day after day I shall bless You,
I shall praise Your name for ever and ever.
Great is Yahweh and worthy of all praise,
his greatness beyond all reckoning.
Each age will praise Your deeds to the next,
proclaiming Your mighty works.
Your renown is the splendor of Your glory,
I will ponder the story of Your wonders.
They will speak of Your awesome power,
and I shall recount Your greatness.
They will bring out the memory of Your great generosity,
and joyfully acclaim Your saving justice.
Yahweh is tenderness and pity,
slow to anger, full of faithful love.
Yahweh is generous to all.
His tenderness embraces all His creatures.
All Your creatures shall thank You, Yahweh,
and Your faithful shall bless You.
They shall speak of the glory of Your kingship
and tell of Your might,
making known Your mighty deeds to the children of Adam,
the glory and majesty of Your kingship.
Your kingship is a kingship forever,
Your reign lasts from age to age.
Yahweh is trustworthy in all His words,
and upright in all His deeds.
Yahweh supports all who stumble,
lifts up those who are bowed down.
All look to You in hope
and You feed them with the food of the season.
And, with generous hand,
You satisfy the desires of every living creature.
Upright in all that He does,
Yahweh acts only in faithful love.
He is close to all who call upon Him,
all who call on Him from the heart.
He fulfills the desires of all who fear Him,
He hears their cry and He saves them.
Yahweh guards all who love Him,
but all the wicked He destroys.
My mouth shall always praise Yahweh,
let every creature bless His holy name for ever and ever.
4. CONTEMPLATIO
Lord, it sounds strange to call You King. One does not get close to a King easily. And, instead, today I find You sitting beside me, in the ditch of sin, here, where I would never have thought to find You. Kings are in palaces, far from the difficulties of the poor people. You, instead, live Your Lordship wearing the worn out clothes of our poverty. What a great feast for me to see You here where I went to hide myself so as not to feel the indiscreet looks of human judgment. On the edge of my failures, whom have I found if not You? The only one who could reproach me for my incoherence comes to look for me to sustain me in my anguish and in my humiliation! What great illusion when we think that we should come to You only when we have attained perfection… I would want to think that You do not like what I am, but perhaps, it is not exactly like that: I do not like what I am, but for You, I am all right, because Your love is something special which respects everything in me and makes of every instant of my life a space of encounter and of gift. Lord, teach me not to get down from the cross with the absurd pretension of saving myself! Grant that I may know how to wait, at Your side, the TODAY of Your Kingdom in my life.
Lectio Divina: 33rd Sunday in Ordinary Time (C)
The discourse of Jesus on the end of time
Luke 21:5-19
1. Opening prayer
Lord, You who have made sky and earth and sea, and everything in them; it is You who said through the Holy Spirit and speaking through our ancestor David, Your servant:
Why this uproar among the nations,
this impotent muttering of the peoples?
Kings of earth take up position,
princes plot together
against the Lord and His Anointed”.
... Stretch out your hand to heal and to work miracles and marvels through the name of Your holy servant Jesus (Acts 4:24-25,30)”. Fill us with Your Spirit as You gave it to the Apostles after this prayer, in the time of trial, so that we can also proclaim the Word openly and give witness as prophets of hope.
2. Lectio
a) The context :
The passage concerns the beginning of Jesus’ discourse on the end of the world. The passage Luke 21:5-36 is a whole literary unit. Jesus is in Jerusalem, at the entrance to the temple, the Passion is near. The Synoptic Gospels (also see Mt 24; Mk 13) have the so called “eschatological” discourse precede the account of the Passion, Death and Resurrection. These are events to be read in the light of the Passover. The language is the “apocalyptic” one. Attention is not placed on each word, but on the announcement of the total overturn. The community of Luke already knew about the events concerning the destruction of Jerusalem. The Evangelist universalizes the message and makes evident the intermediate time of the Church waiting for the coming of the Lord in glory. Luke refers to the end of time also in other parts (12:35-48;17: 20;18:18).
b) A possible division of the text:
Luke 21:5-7: introduction.
Luke 21:8-9: initial warning.
Luke 21:10-11: the signs.
Luke 21:12-17: the disciples put to the test.
Luke 21:18-19: protection and trust.
c) The text:
While some people were speaking about how the temple was adorned with costly stones and votive offerings, Jesus said, "All that you see here-- the days will come when there will not be left a stone upon another stone that will not be thrown down." Then they asked him, "Teacher, when will this happen? And what sign will there be when all these things are about to happen?" He answered, "See that you not be deceived, for many will come in my name, saying, 'I am he,' and 'The time has come.' Do not follow them! When you hear of wars and insurrections, do not be terrified; for such things must happen first, but it will not immediately be the end." Then he said to them, "Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be powerful earthquakes, famines, and plagues from place to place; and awesome sights and mighty signs will come from the sky. "Before all this happens, however, they will seize and persecute you, they will hand you over to the synagogues and to prisons, and they will have you led before kings and governors because of my name. It will lead to your giving testimony. Remember, you are not to prepare your defense beforehand, for I myself shall give you a wisdom in speaking that all your adversaries will be powerless to resist or refute. You will even be handed over by parents, brothers, relatives, and friends, and they will put some of you to death. You will be hated by all because of my name, but not a hair on your head will be destroyed. By your perseverance you will secure your lives."
3. A moment of prayerful silence
so that the Word of God may penetrate and enlighten our life.
4. A few questions
- Which sentiments prevail in me: anguish, fear, trust, hope, doubt...?
- Where is the Good News in this discourse?
- Do we love what we expect and do we conform ourselves to its demands?
- How do I react to trials in my life of faith?
- Can I make a connection with the present historical events?
- What place does Jesus have in history today?
5. Meditatio
a) A key for reading:
Let us not allow ourselves to be attracted by the exterior upheavals, typical of the apocalyptic language, but by the interior ones, which are necessary, which pre-announce and prepare the encounter with the Lord. Even being aware that today also, in different parts of the world, “apocalyptic” situations are being lived, it is possible to make a personalized reading, not an evasive one, which shifts the attention to personal responsibility. Luke, regarding the other Evangelists, underlines that the end has not come, that it is necessary to live the waiting with commitment. Let us open our eyes to the tragedies of our time, not to be prophets of misfortune, but courageous prophets of a new order based on justice and peace.
b) Comment:
[5] “When some were talking about the temple remarking how it was adorned with fine stonework and votive offerings”, He said: Jesus was probably at the entrance to the temple, considering the reference to the votive offerings. Luke does not specify who the listeners are. It is directed to all. He universalizes the eschatological discourse. This discourse can refer to the end of time, but also to our personal end, the proper time of life. In common there is the definitive encounter with the Risen Lord.
[6] “All these things you are staring at now, the time will come when not a single stone will be left on another; everything will be destroyed”. Jesus introduces a language of misfortune (17:22; 19:43) and repeats the admonitions of the prophets concerning the temple (Micah 3:12; Jer 7:1-15; 26:1-19). It is also a consideration on the fragility of every human achievement, no matter how marvelous. The community of Luke already knew about the destruction of Jerusalem (year 70). Let us consider our attitude towards the things that end with time.
[7] They asked Him: “Master, when will this happen, then, and what sign will there be that it is about to take place?” The listeners are interested in the external upheavals which characterize this event. Jesus does not respond to this specific question. The “when” is not placed by Luke in relation to the destruction of Jerusalem. He underlines that the end “will not be immediately” (v. 9) and “that before all this...” (v. 12) others things will happen. He questions us on the relation between the historical events and the fulfillment of the history of salvation: the time of man and the time of God.
[8] He answered, “Take care not to be deceived, because many will come using My name and saying: ‘I am the one’ and ‘the time is near at hand’. Refuse to join them”. In regard to the other Evangelists, Luke adds the reference to time. The community of the first Christians is overcoming the phase of an immediate coming of the Lord and prepares itself for the intermediate time of the Church. Jesus recommends that they not allow themselves to be deceived, or better, to be seduced by impostors. There are two types of false prophets: those who pretend to come in the name of Jesus saying “I am the one” and those who affirm that the time is near at hand, that the day is already known (10:11; 19:11).
[9] “When you hear of wars and revolutions, do not be terrified, for this is something that must happen first, but the end will not come at once”. Even the war events, and today we would say, the terrorist acts, are not the beginning of the end. All this happens but it is not a sign of the end. Luke wants to warn them about the illusion of the imminent end of time with the consequent disillusionment and abandonment of faith.
[10] “Then He said to them, ‘Nation will fight against nation, and kingdom against kingdom.
[11] There will be great earthquakes and plagues and famines in various places; there will be terrifying events and great signs from heaven‘”. The words “and then He said” is a repetition of the discourse after the initial warnings. This is fully apocalyptic language, which means revelation (Isa 19:2; 2Cor 15:6) and at the same time concealment. Traditional images are used to describe the rapid changes of history (Isa 24:19-20; Zech 14:4-5; Ezek 6:11-12, etc.). The imaginary catastrophe is like a curtain which hides the beauty of the scene which is behind: the coming of the Lord in glory (v. 27).
[12] “But before all this happens, you will be seized and persecuted; you will be handed over to the synagogues and to imprisonment, and brought before kings and governors for the sake of My name.”
[13] “and that will be your opportunity to bear witness”. The Christian is called to conform himself to Christ. They have persecuted Me, they will also persecute you. Luke recalls the scene of Paul before King Agrippa and Governor Festo (Acts 25:23-26, 32). Behold the time of trial. Not necessarily under the form of persecution. Saint Teresa of the Child Jesus suffered the absence of God for eighteen months, when she discovered her illness. A time of purification which prepares for the encounter. It is the normal condition of the Christian, that of living in a healthy tension which is not frustration. Christians are called to give witness to the hope which animates them.
[14] “Make up your minds not to prepare your defense;
[15] because I Myself shall give you an eloquence and a wisdom that none of your opponents will be able to resist or contradict”. The time has come to place our trust completely in God, God alone suffices. It is that same wisdom with which Stephen confused his enemies (Acts 6:10). The capacity to resist to persecution is guaranteed for the believer.
[16] “You will be betrayed even by parents and brothers, relatives and friends, and some of you will be put to death”.
[17] “You will be hated universally on account of my name. The radical following of Christ implies also the overcoming of blood relations, those which we affectionately believe to be more secure. There is the risk of remaining alone, like Jesus in His Passion.
[18] “But not a hair of your head will be lost”. Luke repeats the preceding verse (12:7) to remind us of the divine protection which is assured at the moment of trial. The believer is also guaranteed the care of his physical integrity.
[19] “Your perseverance will win you your lives.” Perseverance (cf. Acts 11:23; 13: 43; 14:22) is indispensable in order to bear fruit (8:15), in the daily trials and in persecutions. It means the same as the “remain in Christ” of John. The final victory is certain: the Kingdom of God will be established by the Son of Man. Therefore, it is necessary to be persevering, vigilant and in prayer (v. 36 and 12:35-38). The life-style of the Christian has to be a sign of the future which will come.
6. Oratio: Psalm 98
Sing a new song to the Lord
Acclaim Yahweh, all the earth,
burst into shouts of joy!
Play to Yahweh on the harp,
to the sound of instruments;
to the sound of trumpet and horn,
acclaim the presence of the King.
Let the sea thunder, and all that it holds,
the world and all who live in it.
Let the rivers clap their hands,
and the mountains shout for joy together,
at Yahweh's approach,
for He is coming to judge the earth;
He will judge the world with saving justice
and the nations with fairness.
7. Contemplatio
Good God, whose Kingdom is all love and peace, You Yourself create in our soul that silence that You need to communicate Yourself to it.
Peaceful acting, desiring without passion, zeal without agitation: all that can only come from You, Eternal Wisdom, Infinite activity, unalterable repose, principle and model of true peace.
You have promised us by Your prophets this peace. You have given it by Jesus Christ. You have given us the guarantee with the effusion of Your Spirit.
Do not permit that the envy of the enemy, the anxiety of passion, the scruples of conscience make us lose this heavenly gift, which is the pledge of Your love, the object of Your promises, the reward of the blood of Your Son. Amen. (Teresa of Avila, 38:9-10).
Lectio Divina: 32nd Sunday of ordinary time (C)
Jesus answers to the Sadducees
who ridicule faith in the Resurrection
Luke 20:27-40
Initial prayer
Oh infinite Mystery of Life,
We are nothing,
And still we can praise You
With the voice itself of Your Word
Who became the voice of our whole humanity.
Oh, my Trinity, I am nothing in You,
But You are all in me
And then my nothingness is life… it is eternal life.
Maria Evangelista of the Holy Trinity, O.Carm.
1. Lectio
Some Sadducees, those who deny that there is a resurrection, came forward and put this question to Jesus, saying, "Teacher, Moses wrote for us, If someone's brother dies leaving a wife but no child, his brother must take the wife and raise up descendants for his brother. Now there were seven brothers; the first married a woman but died childless. Then the second and the third married her, and likewise all the seven died childless. Finally the woman also died. Now at the resurrection whose wife will that woman be? For all seven had been married to her." Jesus said to them, "The children of this age marry and remarry; but those who are deemed worthy to attain to the coming age and to the resurrection of the dead neither marry nor are given in marriage. They can no longer die, for they are like angels; and they are the children of God because they are the ones who will rise. That the dead will rise even Moses made known in the passage about the bush, when he called out 'Lord, ' the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob; and he is not God of the dead, but of the living, for to him all are alive." Some of the scribes said in reply, "Teacher, you have answered well." And they no longer dared to ask him anything.
2. Meditatio
a) Key for the Reading:
• Context
We can say that the passage proposed to us for our reflection forms a central part of the text which goes from Luke 20:20 to 22:4, and deals with the discussions with the chief priests of the people. Already in the beginning of chapter 20, Luke presents us with some conflicts which arose between Jesus, the priests, and the scribes (vv. 1-19). Here Jesus finds Himself facing some conflict with the philosophical school of the Sadducees, who have taken their name from Zadok, the priest of David (2 Sam 8: 17). They accepted as revelation only the writings of Moses (v. 28), denying the gradual development of biblical revelation. In this sense one can better understand the expression “Moses prescribed for us” repeated by the Sadducees in this malicious debate which they use it as a trap to get Jesus and “to catch Him in a fault” (see: 20:2; 20:20). This philosophical school disappeared with the destruction of the temple.
• The law of the levirate
The Sadducees precisely deny the resurrection from the dead because, according to them, this object of faith did not form part of the revelation handed down to them from Moses. The same thing can be said concerning faith in the existence of angels. In Israel, faith in the resurrection of the dead appears in the book of Daniel written in the year 605 – 530 B.C. (Dan 12:2-3). We also find it in 2 Macc 7:9,11,14,23. In order to ridicule the faith in the resurrection of the dead, the Sadducees quote the legal prescription of Moses on the levirate (Deut 25:5) concerning the ancient traditions of the Semitic peoples (including the Hebrews), according to which, the brother or a close relative of a married man who died without sons, had to marry the widow, in order: a) to assure to the deceased descendants (the sons would have been legally considered sons of the deceased man), and b) a husband to the woman, because women depended on the man for their livelihood. Cases of this type are recalled in the Old Testament in the Books of Genesis and Ruth.
In the Book of Genesis (38:6-26) it is said how “Judah took a wife, whose name was Tamar, for his first born son Er. But, Er, the first born of Judah, offended the Lord and the Lord killed him. Then Judah tells Onan, “Take your brother’s wife, and do your duty as her brother-in-law to maintain your brother’s line” (Gen 38:6-8). But Onan was also punished by God and he died (Gen 38:10), because Onan, knowing that the line would not count as his, spilt his seed on the ground every time he slept with his brother’s wife, to avoid providing offspring for his brother” (Gen 38:9). Judah, seeing this, sent Tamar to her father’s house so as not to give her his third son, Shelah, as a husband (Gen 38:10-11). Tamar then, disguising herself as a prostitute or a harlot, slept with Judah himself and conceived twins. Judah, on discovering the truth, defended Tamar, recognizing “She was right and I was wrong” (Gen 38:26).
In the book of Ruth the same story is told about Ruth herself, Ruth the Moabitess, who remained a widow after having married one of the sons of Elimelech. Together with her mother-in-law Naomi, Ruth was obliged to beg for survival and to gather in the fields the ears of corn which fell from the sheaves behind the reapers, up to the time when she married Boaz, a relative of her deceased husband.
The case proposed to Jesus by the Sadducees reminds us the story of Tobias the son of Tobit who married Sarah the daughter of Raguel, the widow of seven husbands, all killed by Asmodeus, the demon of lust, at the moment that they slept together. Tobias has the right to marry her because she belonged to his tribe. (Tobit 7:9).
Jesus makes the Sadducees notice that the purpose of marriage is procreation, and therefore it is necessary for the future of the human species, since none of the “sons of this world” (v. 34) is eternal. But “those who are judged worthy of a place in the other world” (v. 35) neither take husband nor wife in so far as they can no longer die” (v. 35-36). They live in God: “they are the same as the angels and, being children of the resurrection, are sons of God” (v. 36). Both in the Old and in the New Testament, the angels are called sons of God (see for example, Gen 6:2; Ps 29:1; Lk 10:6; 16:8). These words of Jesus remind us also of St. Paul’s letter to the Romans, where it is written that Jesus is the Son because of His Resurrection, He is the first risen from the dead and, par excellence, is Son of the Resurrection (Rom 1:4). Here we can also quote the texts of St. Paul on the resurrection of the dead as an event of salvation of a spiritual nature (1 Cor 15:35-50).
• I am: The God of the Living
Jesus goes on to confirm the reality of the resurrection by quoting another passage taken from Exodus, this time from the account of the revelation of God to Moses in the burning bush. The Sadducees make evident their point of view by quoting Moses. Jesus, at the same time, refutes their argument by quoting Moses as well: “That the dead resurrect has also been shown by Moses regarding the bush, when he calls the Lord: the God of Abraham, God of Isaac and God of Jacob” (v. 37). In Exodus we find that the Lord reveals Himself to Moses with these words: “I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob” (Ex 3:6). The Lord then continues to reveal to Moses the divine name: “I AM” (Ex 3:14). The Hebrew word ehjej (also transliterated as ehyeh), from the root Hei-Yod-Hei, used for the divine name in Exodus 3:14, means I am he who is; I am the existing One. The root may also mean life, existence. And this is why Jesus can conclude, “God is not the God of the dead, but of the living” (v. 38). In the same verse Jesus specifies that “all live for Him [God]”. This can also mean “all live in Him”. Reflecting on Jesus’ death, in the letter to the Romans, Paul writes, “For by dying, He is dead to sin once and for all, and now the life that He lives is life with God. In the same way, you must see yourselves as being dead to sin but alive for God in Jesus Christ” (Rom 6:10).
We can say that Jesus, once more, makes the Sadducees see that God’s fidelity, whether for His people, or for the individual, is not based on the existence of a political kingdom (in the case of God’s fidelity to His people), nor on having prosperity and descendants in this life. The hope of the true believer does not reside in the things of this world, but in the Living God. This is why the disciples of Jesus are called to live as children of the resurrection, that is, sons of life in God, as their Master and Lord, “having been regenerated not from any perishable seed but from imperishable seed, that is, of the living and enduring Word of God” (1 Pet 1:23).
b) Questions to help in the reflection
* What has struck you most in this Gospel? Some word? Which particular attitude?
* Try to reread the Gospel text in the context of the other biblical texts quoted in the key to the reading.
* How do you interpret the conflict which arose between the chief priests of the people and the Sadducees with Jesus?
* Stop and think on how Jesus confronted the conflict. What do you learn from His behavior?
* What do you think is the central point in the discussion?
* What does the resurrection from the dead mean for you?
* Do you feel like a son or daughter of the resurrection?
* What does it mean for you to live the resurrection beginning now at the present moment?
3. Oratio
Inspired by Psalm 17
We will be filled, Lord, by contemplating Your Face
Listen, Yahweh, to an upright cause,
pay attention to my cry,
lend an ear to my prayer,
my lips free from deceit.
My steps never stray from the paths You lay down,
from Your tracks; so my feet never stumble.
I call upon You, God, for You answer me;
turn Your ear to me, hear what I say.
Shelter me in the shadow of Your wings.
That I in my uprightness will see Your face,
and when I awake I shall be filled with the vision of You.
4. Contemplatio
From the mystical diary of
Sister Maria Evangelista of the Most Holy Trinity, O.Carm.
This earthly life is also filled with love, with gifts of “truth”, hidden gifts and at the same time, revealed by the sign… I feel an immense gratitude for every human value. To live in communion with creation, in friendship with the brothers, in openness toward the work of God and the work of mankind, in a continuous experience of the gifts of life, even if in the midst of suffering, even is simply only human, it is a continuous grace, a continuous gift.
