While we most often associate Fr. Titus interest in education with his work at the University of Nijmegen, he was also deeply involved in Roman Catholic secondary education. These schools were only beginning to take root in the Netherlands. He realized that there was a cultural lag among Catholics that needed to be addressed. He worried about the deteriorating link between secondary and university education. When the Association of Roman Catholic High Schools and Gymnasia Boards was founded in 1924, Titus became the chairman the following year and continued in that position until his death in 1942.
Following his doctoral studies in Rome, Brandsma began teaching philosophy at the school the Carmelites had founded in Oss. He had a very keen interest in people who searched for truth and justice and were able to find a solid frame of reference and a safe place. He did not limit himself to the classroom. He went out into the community. He discovered that in Oss there was a crying need for secondary education. Ever a man of action, by 1919 a secondary school for business was established in Oss.
By 1923 the Hogere Burger School—the present-day Titus Brandsma Lyceum—was opened. This presented the opportunity of an education to many more young people. The Catholic Twente region, with Oldenzaal as its center, also needed a Catholic secondary school. That school also became a reality in 1923 as did the Catholic University of Nijmegen where Titus would become a professor.
Fr. Titus encouraged the study of philosophy at the secondary school level. His reasoning was that familiarity with philosophy only deepened education and helped students to think independently and become conscious of what is essential in human life. He felt it was so critical that he even developed an outline for the study of philosophy on the secondary level.
Many of Fr. Brandsma’s talks and writings stress the value he saw in education. Often framed in terms of a struggle “for the honor or God and against all evil,” he did believe that, if we engage in education but fail to speak of God, then we fall short of our goal.
There is no denying that leaving this factor [knowledge of God] out of consideration must deprive the human life of something that ought to have first place in it. Thus, our youth is deprived of that which is most noble and best.
[from: Constant Dölle, O. Carm., Encountering God in the Abyss: Titus Brandsma’s Spiritual Journey. Leuven: Peters. 2002]
*Statue of Titus Brandsma created by Gerard Mathot in the Thomas van Aquinostraat at the wall of one of the buildings of the Radboud University in Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Rector Tom Brocks has been governing the former Carmel Lyceum in Oss, founded in 1922 by Titus Brandsma, since 2007. After WWII the school was renamed Titus Brandsma Lyceum. Titus' ideas are alive and well here, permeating the school culture.
While we most often associate Fr. Titus interest in education with his work at the University of Nijmegen, he was also deeply involved in Roman Catholic secondary education. These schools were only beginning to take root in the Netherlands.
From Dignitaries
Cardinal Johannes de Jong
Archbishop of Utrecht
“As long as I shall live, I will always have before my eyes the figure of Father Brandsma, with whom I so often spoken during the war years and whom I always admired for his courage and clear insights. Repeatedly I asked his advice. I regard him as a martyr.
Queen Wilhelmina
In a letter of condolence to the Brandsma family, November 4, 1946
“...this great and sincere patriot who, with those who would ask his advice, never hesitated to present, clearly and right from the start, the religious and patriotic options open to them. The inner, spiritual power of his writings represents a testimony held by many in high esteem, then and still today.”
Prof. Dr. Christine Mohrmann
Former student. Professor of Catholic University of Nijmegen
“He did everything for the students, but this was just part of his general goodness. He had a genuinely helpful spirit for all.”
Dr. J.P.Chr. De Boer
Inspector Elementary and Secondary Education
“I considered Father Brandsma the soul of educational resistance.”
“If I venerate him, it is because he united in the most perfect harmony one tireless activity to promote good in the world and in the spiritual life through education, upbringing and organization, with a complete inner peace regarding the success of all his work, which he saw to be in God’s hand.”
Dr. P.H. Ronge
Psychologist
“Though being a Lutheran myself, I must say that during my entire life I have met few people who made such an impression on me as Father Titus Brandsma. He knew how to make everyone his friend. Especially impressive was his spiritual unassailability. I felt immediately that I was in the presence of someone who in his ordinary life must have been far above the rest.”
Godfried Bomans
Dutch Author
“Brandsma gave lectures on the history of mystical experience with the profound insight of a man who lived his material most strongly in his own person.”
More...
Way of the Cross
by Titus Brandsma, O. Carm.
I DO NOT KNOW WHAT AWAITS ME, BUT I KNOW MYSELF TO BE ENTIRELY IN GOD'S HANDS
Scheveningen, January 1942
Station I - 19 January 1942
Titus Brandsma arrested by the Gestapo at the Karmelklooster in Nijmegen.
Titus: "Yes, yes, it is something to be in prison at the age of sixty.” Policeman: "Yes, Professor, You're right. But if it's your own fault, then you shouldn't have accepted the Archbishop's commission!" Titus: "I consider that an honor."
Notes: Titus Brandsma, O. Carm.
Station 2 - 20 January 1942
Titus is transferred to the prison of Scheveningen, the 'Oranjehotel', cell 577.
"It was no Inferno, my cell no. 577. And when I entered it, I didn't read above it: 'Let those who enter here now abandon all hope'. It did not look ominous and when the prison officer, who was helping the guard, apparently pointed out to the soldier that the cell was not ready, he said: "It's only for one night."
Notes: Titus Brandsma, O. Carm.
Station 3 - 21 January 1942
Beginning of the interrogation by SS Hauptscharführer, P. Hardegen.
"The attitude of the Dutch Episcopate, I make it mine as well.”
Notes: Titus Brandsma, O. Carm.
Station 4 - 12 March 1942
Titus is transferred to the Polizeiliches Durchgangslager Amersfoort.
"Between the evening meal and the moment the lights went out, you had half an hour for yourself. But you were not allowed to leave the barracks. That was strictly forbidden. Titus did it anyway. While others were spending those paltry thirty minutes on themselves, he risked his life to see if anyone else needed his spiritual support. In particular, he looked for prisoners of whom it was known would be executed shortly afterwards. That made a big impression on me as well. He was a true shepherd of souls.
Prisoner: Max Kohnstamm
Station 5 - 3 April 1942
Good Friday. Titus offers an instruction on suffering in Dutch mysticism.
"Titus' words made an enormous impression on all present. That someone in those bizarre circumstances could talk about something like that - not about hunger, not about pain, not about exhaustion, but about mysticism. That was amazing! He taught you that even in inhuman circumstances you could keep “embrace” your humanity.”
Prisoner: E. Wellenstijn
Station 6 - 28 April 1942
At the prison in Scheveningen, cell 623.
"Late in the evening one day in April, our cell door no. 623 in the barracks is thrown open and with a "Los, Los! (Come on. Come on)
In the evening, after dinner, we would always play cards for an hour. During that time, the professor would pray again, and it was time to forget our worries in our sleep. On Sunday mornings, we had a meditation and prayer. Also, on Ascension Day, the professor held a service. Those were really great moments in our lives."
Prisoner: Cornelis de Graaf
Station 7 - 6 May 1942
Sentence: deportation to Dachau, Germany, for the duration of the war.
When Titus heard his verdict he was allowed to call his monastery. "Yes, Father Prior ,this really is Father Titus! At the moment I am at the SD-office in The Hague. I've been interrogated again. They have decided to send me to Dachau, one of the biggest concentration camps in Germany. This means that I will be kept there until the end of the war. (...) No, don't worry about me.
Testimony: Prior Verhallen
Station 8 - 16 May 1942
Titus is transferred to the prison in Kleve.
"His virtue had nothing striking about it, but seemed to be self-evident. It did not give the impression that he had to make an effort to be equable, patient, content, cheerful and just in his judgement. I am convinced that Father Titus considered heaven as the only goal of his life, that he always had eternity in mind. Otherwise his whole attitude cannot be explained."
Prison Chaplain: L. Deimel
Station 9 - 13 June 1942
Departure from Kleve to Dachau concentration camp, via Frankfurt and Nüremberg - a five day’s journey.
"On the Friday before his departure for Dacha the following Saturday, I gave him Holy Communion for the last time. I was very impressed to have been able to give the Body of the Lord to such a special person,so full of holiness."
Prison Chaplain: L. Deimel
Station 10 - 19 June 1942
Arrival at the concentration camp, Dachau.
"The anger of the Stubeälteste knew no bounds, he hit and kicked Titus wherever he could, so that he rolled over on the ground and tried to crawl to the threshold of the dormitory. (...) But Titus doesn't want a word of comfort. He looks at me, smiling, and says in a whisper: "Oh brother, I knew who I was carrying. He points to the glasses box, in which a piece of the consecrated host is hidden."
Prisoner: Raphael Tijhuis, O. Carm
Station 11 - 18 July 1942
Titus is transferred to the sick barracks due to weakness and total exhaustion.
"I say goodbye to Titus, who thanks me for all the help and gives me greetings for the others on our block. "It's only for a few days," he says. "By the way, brother, by August we'll all be back home," he adds, laughing. This was always his saying. They were the last words I heard out of his mouth. We did not see him again."
Prisoner: Raphael Tijhuis, O. Carm.
Station 12 - 26 July 1942
Notice of death, signed at 2 p.m.
https://www.ocarm.org/es/our-service-to-god-s-people/general-commissions-of-the-order/formation-commission-main-menu?start=1204#sigProIdae90e48823
Way of the Cross with Titus Brandsma, O. Carm.
Hidden God
Many of us experience God as hidden. There is nothing new in this. It is not something unique to our time. Already, two and a half thousand years ago, Isaiah sighed in exile: “Truly, You are a hidden God”. (Is 45:15). Throughout the centuries, people of faith have repeated such words to the Lord, up to and including Titus Brandsma. For Titus, the hiddenness of God was a deeply lived reality.
In his prison cell at Scheveningen, Titus prayed the well-known hymn Adoro Te after lunch. In his account of his time in prison, 'My Cell', he tells us about this: “The Adoro Te has become my favourite prayer. Frequently I sing it softly and this helps me to make a spiritual communion”.
Titus knew this song by heart. He prayed it daily and every Saturday evening he sang it with his fellow brothers during the Saturday Station of Our Lady. The hymn touched Titus deeply. He was familiar with it. He carried it with him into prison. There Titus sang it ‘softly’, on his knees, after his lunch of soup and bread. Prayerfully it dawned on him: really, God is hidden. Not now and then. Not here and there. Always and everywhere, God is hidden.
After this moment of worship, Titus lit a pipe, walked to and fro in his small cell, and filed his nails, which by now had become “too long and I could not find the scissors.” God, for Titus, is hidden in the most ordinary things: a pipe of tobacco, walking to and fro, filing his nails.
God’s hidden presence is hopeful for those who have come to know it and to live from it. Seeing his hiddenness can even become so familiar to us that it makes us happy. Our God does not come like a jack-in-the-box. He is not an Easter egg hidden somewhere or a magic trick.
In the Dachau concentration camp, Titus’ hidden relationship with God is severely tested. Adoro Te drags him through it. When the camp guard has beaten him, he prays the Adoro Te together with his fellow brother, Rafaël Tijhuis. Hurt in his frail body, he remained standing in God’s hidden presence.
Adoro Te
Godhead here in hiding whom I do adore
Masked by these bare shadows,
shape and nothing more.
See, Lord, at thy service low lies here a heart
Lost, all lost in wonder at the God thou art.
Seeing, touching, tasting are in thee deceived;
How says trusty hearing? that shall be believed;
What God's Son has told me, take for truth I do;
Truth himself speaks truly or there's nothing true.
On the cross thy godhead made no sign to men;
Here thy very manhood steals from human ken:
Both are my confession, both are my belief,
And I pray the prayer made by the dying thief.
I am not like Thomas, wounds I cannot see,
But I plainly call thee Lord and God as he:
This faith each day deeper be my holding of,
Daily make me harder hope and dearer love.
O thou, our reminder of the Crucified,
Living Bread, the life of us for whom he died,
Lend this life to me, then; feed and feast my mind,
There be thou the sweetness man was meant to find.
Like what tender tales tell of the Pelican,
Bathe me, Jesus Lord, in what thy bosom ran--
Blood that but one drop of has the pow'r to win
All the world forgiveness of its world of sin.
Jesus whom I look at shrouded here below,
I beseech thee, send me what I thirst for so,
Some day to gaze on thee face to face in light
And be blest forever with thy glory's sight.
Attributed to St Thomas Aquinas; translation G.M. Hopkins.
Prayer
We ask you, Lord,
that, in the imitation of Saint Titus Brandsma,
we may know how to be close to you, near to the cross,
and that we may always feel you near to us in our crosses, both large and small,
as our Friend, our Companion on the journey, and our Redeemer.
May the cross always be for us a sign of love,
of generous and total surrender to the cause of life,
of solidarity and compassion for all.
May we always say, in all the circumstances of life,
with joy and full confidence in you…
Ave Crux Spes Unica…
Amen.
Mary, Mother of Carmel, pray for us.
Titus Brandsma, Carmelite martyr, intercede for us.
Download the Leaflet 6. Adoro Te - Hidden God pdf here(4.23 MB)
Titus’ Education
Titus was a good student who understood from early on the value of education. As a child he read widely and had a particular liking for literature and history.
After entering the Carmelite Order in 1898, Titus continued to read widely and began to publish. Taking his doctorate in philosophy at Rome’s Gregorian University, he also took courses in modern sociology.
Catholic Education
Titus reformed the programme of studies for Carmelites in the Netherlands. Education for the laity was a priority for Titus. At Oss a library with attached reading room and lecture hall was established which was open to the general public. Through Titus’ efforts, two Carmelite schools became the very first private schools in Holland to receive government support. He founded the Union of Secondary Schools in 1925, serving as its President.
University Professor
With the founding of the Catholic University at Nijmegen in 1923, Titus was nominated Professor of Philosophy and the History of Mysticism. In 1932 he became its Rector Magnificus. Titus’ courses left an ‘unforgetable’ impression; he was effectively rediscovering the spirituality of their country. Titus was kind and students at the university constantly sought him out. He sought scholarship funding for the less well off. Titus subjected National Socialism to rigorous critique as part of his university teaching. He kept his feet firmly on the ground. Titus was known to assist an old man in pushing his junk wagon up the hill between the university and the Carmel, placing his professorial briefcase on top while he did it.
Education in the Call to Mysticism
Titus was always keen to educate people regarding their call to be mystics. He defined mysticism as: ‘a special union of God with human beings, whereby they become aware of God's presence and also become one with God.’ Titus understood mysticism as a call directed to all and spoke of an everyday mysticism, convinced that God is the ground of our being and can be encountered always and everywhere and in our neighbour. His lectures on Carmelite mysticism, delivered in the United States in 1935, are a true classic of twentieth-century spirituality.
The Journalist as Educator
Titus undoubtedly saw journalism as a form of education. His accessible articles in the Catholic press were effectively ‘short courses’ of their own.
Titus’ Philosophy of Education
For Titus it was important for the educator to respect each student individually: ‘…people are not simply all alike and do not comply with a casual construction or idea. The human being, and even the child, is in each person different in nature and it does not help us when we would like to see beyond all the differences…We must take young people as they are.’ It was important for Titus that students thought for themselves, saying to one group: ‘We do not impart philosophical knowledge to you, because you must first and foremost develop it in yourselves… We do not ram the truth or knowledge of the truth into you, we only draw on the wondrous passion for knowledge of what is true, which lies hidden in you.’
Resourcing Education
Titus was convinced of the importance of the proper resourcing of education. He also underlined the need for the continuous professional development of teachers: ‘a justified ideal for the teacher is continuous further development… A trained teacher is a blessing.’ Titus had a particular concern for providing for children from underprivileged backgrounds: ‘Attention at school to the underprivileged child, that is where true love reveals itself.’
Titus’ care for Jewish Students
Titus took a particular stand on Jewish students, refusing to remain silent when they were excluded from attending Catholic schools, even making enquiries about placing them in the care of the Carmelites in Brazil.
The Apostolate of Carmelite Mysticism - Carmel as School
The Apostolate of Carmelite Mysticism - Carmel as School Titus speaks of ‘the apostolate of Carmelite mysticism’, using the image of a school. Carmelites are to teach people to pray, helping them know they have been found and loved by God. For Titus, Carmel is like a school, ‘a school of mystical life’, and insists: ‘in the spiritual life, no more than in ordinary life, can we dispense with education, with teachers and with guidance.’
Prayer to Titus Brandsma
God our Father, your servant, Titus Brandsma, laboured zealously in your vineyard
and gave his life freely because of his faith in you.
Through his intercession I ask for your mercy and help.
Father Titus never refused when he was asked for help by your people.
In his name, I come to you with my needs...
Lord, help me always to imitate the great faith, generous love and burning zeal of Titus.
Glorify your servant as he strove to glorify you.
Amen.
Mary, Mother of Carmel, pray for us.
Titus Brandsma, Carmelite martyr, intercede for us.
Download the Leaflet 2. Education pdf here(3.46 MB)
